Pericaedial Effusions

Front 1

What is the Etiology of Pericardial Effusion?

Back 1

1) Tuberculosis.
2) Idiopathic.
3) Bacterial or fungus infection.
4) Trauma, Post Cardiac Surgery.
5) Auto-immune or inflammatory disorder.

Front 2

What is the pathophysiology of pericardial effusion?

Back 2

1) Pericarditis leads to fluid into the pericardial space.
2) If the fluid accumulates, slowly the pericardium will expand to accommodate large effusions.

Front 3

What are the physical signs of Pericardial Effusion?

Back 3

1) Chase pain. C
2) Dyspnea. D
3) Distended neck veins. DNV
4) Friction Rub. FR
5) Pulsus Paradoxus. PP

Front 4

What are the Echo-findings of Pericardial Effusion?

Back 4

1) The pericardium fluid is seen between the epicardium & pericardium.
2)Decrease echo gain to identify pericardium effusion (brightness).

Front 5

What are the Echo-findings of Pericardial Effusion?

Back 5

3) Isolated anterior space may be a pericardial fat path.
4) Fibrin strands are commonly see in long standing effusions or effusions from metastatic diseases.
5) Pericardial effusion is position between the L.A and descending aorta, plural effusion posteriorly to the descending aorta.
6) Inspiration & Expiration variation( sample the MV and TV with CW and decrease the sweep speed to 25mm/s.

Front 6

How many types of Aneurysm are there?

Back 6

Pseudoaneurysm. True aneurysm

Front 7

What is the etiology of Constrictive Pericarditis?

Back 7

1) Idiopathic.
2) Chronic Pericarditis.
3) Radiation Therapy.

Front 8

What is the pathophysiology of Constrictive Pericarditis?

Back 8

1) Fibrosis or Calcification of pericardium results in restriction of ventricular filling.
2) Equalization of RV and LV diastolic pressures by catherization, treatment involves pericardial ectomy.

Front 9

What are the physical signs of Constrictive Pericarditis?

Back 9

1) Dyspnea. D
2) Edema. E
3) Distended Neck Veins. DNV
4) Pericardial Nock during Diastole. PNDD

Front 10

What are the echo-findings in Constrictive Pericarditis?

Back 10

1) Normal LV diastolic function.
2) Tick pericardium.
3) Flat LV posterior wall motion in diastole.
4) Early diastolic notch of the IVS.
5) R & L Atriums enlargement.
6) Dilated IVC no collapse.
7) Premature opening of the PV.

Front 11

What are the Doppler findings in Pericardial Effusion?

Back 11

1) TR & MR are usually present.
2) Respiration Variation will increase.