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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Question
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Answer
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Sodium- function
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Sodium- function maintain extracellular volume and water balance aids to transmit nerve impulses
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Hypernatremia- causes
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Hypernatremia- causes Decreased water intake Fluid loss Osmotic diuresis Hyperglycemia Salt water intake Profuse diaphoresis accompanied by low water intake Hyperaldosteronism-too much sodium in blood. Diabetes Insipidus
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Hypernatremia- Clinical manifestations
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Hypernatremia- Clinical manifestations Decreased mental status Decreased turgor Dry skin and dry mucous membranes Thirst
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Hypernatremia- interventions
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Hypernatremia- interventions Administer hypotonic IV (0.455% NSS) Water Administer oral hygeine
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Hyponatremia- causes
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Hyponatremia- causes Sweating followed by large plain water intake causes dilution of plasma sodium Increased ADH Adrenal Insufficiency (decreased aldosterone so Na levels fall)
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Hyponatremia- clinical manifestations
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Hyponatremia- clinical manifestations Neurological symptoms due to brain swelling Weight gain Edema Rales Abdominal cramps Low hematocrit Low BUN Orthostatic hypotension
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Hyponatremia- Interventions
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Hyponatremia- Interventions Administer hypotonic IV Diuretics
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Potassium value
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Potassium value 3.5-5 mEq/L
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Potassium- Functions
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Potassium- Functions Cellular metabolism Transmission of neuromuscular impulses supports cardiac cycle Acid base balance Any condition that increases urinary output decreases potassium
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Hypokalemia- Causes
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Hypokalemia- Causes Diuretics GI Losses Adrenal Tumor- may cause excess secretion of aldosterone,which then secretes too much Ka
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Hypokalemia- clinical manifestations
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Hypokalemia- clinical manifestations Malaise Muscle Weakness Leg Cramps Fatigue Decreased reflexes Abnormal ECG and dysrhythmias
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Hypokalemia- interventions
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Hypokalemia- interventions Administer potassium Oral or IV (NEVER IV PUSH potassium, THIS CAN BE FATAL)
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Hyperkalemia- causes
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Hyperkalemia- causes Renal insufficiency Cellular destruction Excessive administration of Ka Adrenal Insufficiency- too little aldosterone.
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Hyperkalemia- clinical manifestations
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Hyperkalemia- clinical manifestations Mental changes Abnormal ECG Lethal disrhythmia Dialysis (#1 cause)
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Calcium value
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Calcium value 8.5-10.5mEq/L
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Calcium- function
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Calcium- function formation of bone and teeth blood clotting myocardial contractility nerve impulse conduction (suppressant effect)
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Calcium- regulation
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Calcium- regulation Vitamin D Parathyroid
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Hypocalcemia- causes
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Hypocalcemia- causes Hypoparathyroid Pancreatitis Low dietary Ca Alkalosis Renal disease (kidneys activate V-D, Vit D helps absorb Ca)
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Hypocalcemia- clinical manifestations
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Hypocalcemia- clinical manifestations hyperactive reflexes tingling in face fingers toes Muscle spasm tetany Decreased blood clotting Bronchospasms (assess by checking trousseau's signs)
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Hypocalcemia- interventions
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Hypocalcemia- interventions Oral or IV calcium (NEVER IM CALCIUM)
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Hypercalcemia- causes
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Hypercalcemia- causes Hyperparathyroidism- causes too much Ca to be retained Malignancies-some cancers produce pth. Osteoporosis Prolonged immobility Decreased renal function
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Hypercalcemia- clinical manifestations
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Hypercalcemia- clinical manifestations Hypotonicity Lethargy Increased blood clotting Extreme thirst Decreased neuromuscular function Kidney Stones Fractures-too much Ca can cause breaks.
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Hypercalcemia- interventions
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Hypercalcemia- interventions Parathyroidectomy Steriods (they decrease GI absorption of Ca) Mitromycin Calcitonin
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Magnesium value
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Magnesium value 1.5-2.5mEq/L
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Hypomagnesemia-causes
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Hypomagnesemia-causes Decreased Mg intake Malnutrition Alcoholism
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Hypomagnesemia-clinical manifestations
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Hypomagnesemia-clinical manifestations tremors hyperactivity tetany positive Trousseau's Confusion Agitation
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Hypomagnesemia- interventions
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Hypomagnesemia- interventions Replace Magnesium- IV (Mg salts)IV Mg can cause cardiac arrest if given too quickly. Oral IM
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Hypermagnesemia- causes
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Hypermagnesemia- causes Renal failure- may be exacerbated by meds containing magnesium.
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Hypermagnesemia- clinical manifestations
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Hypermagnesemia- clinical manifestations Lethargy Slow/Weak pulse Low BP Decreased tonicity Brachypnea
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Hypermagnesemia- interventions
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Hypermagnesemia- interventions Dialysis Stop intake of Mg.
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Magnesium- function
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Magnesium- function Nerve impulse conduction Chemical metabolism Cardiac conduction
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Trousseaus Signs
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Trousseaus Signs BP cuff inflated for 3-4 minutes hand claws up.
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Electrolytes
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Electrolytes - substances which when dissolved in water separate into ions (capable of conducting electricity)
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Intracellular Electrolytes
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Intracellular Electrolytes potassium(K) and magnesium (Mg)
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Extracellular Electrolytes
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Extracellular Electrolytes Sodium and Chloride
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Third Spacing
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Third Spacing - shift of fluid from vascular space to another part of the body (interstitial space)
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Third spacing- causes
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Third spacing- causes increased hydrostatic pressure- as seen in CHF Too much fluid in vessels Decreased plasma proteins Liver disease Increased capillary permeability- sepsis, trauma and burns
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Third Spacing- clinical manifestations
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Third Spacing- clinical manifestations Weak right sided pressure Low albumin levels Protein levels
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Third Spacing- interventions
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Third Spacing- interventions IV albumin Lasix after IV treatment In sepsis, treat cause
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SIADH (Syndrome Of Inappropriate Diuretic Hormone)
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SIADH (Syndrome Of Inappropriate Diuretic Hormone) Excessive ADH production
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Antidiuretic Hormone - function
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Antidiuretic Hormone - function - produced & stored in the hypothalamus - stimulates the kidney to reabsorb water decreasing urine output, supporting BP and blood volume - stimulate peripheral blood vessels to constrict
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Cacitonin - function
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Cacitonin - function - targets bone and kidney cells - to regulate calcium ion concentration in body fluids
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Function T4 - Thyroxine T3 - Triiodothyronine
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Function T4 - Thyroxine T3 - Triiodothyronine - bind to mitochondria and nucleus of cells to increase the rate of ATP production
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