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134 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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MAP:
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mean arterial pressure
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MB:
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cardiac muscle
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mec:
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meconium
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media:
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middle,(see tunica media)
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mediastinum:
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The mass of tissues and organs separating the sternum in front and the vertebral column behind, containing the heart and its large vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, lymph nodes, and other structures and tissues
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metabolic:
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refers to the process of the chemical reactions at the tissue level
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metabolic acidosis:
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abnormal physiological process characterized by the primary gain of strong acid or primary loss of bicarbonate from the extracellular fluid. Reflected by a low [HCO3-] and low pH. (HCO3- less than 22 mEq/L) Treat by increasing perfusion of tissues and give NaHCO3.
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metabolic alkalosis:
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abnormal physiological process characterized by primary gain of strong base or loss of strong acid. Reflected by a high [HCO3-] and high pH. (HCO3- greater than 26 mEq/L) Normally no need to treat.
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MI:
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1. mitral insufficiency; back flow or regurgitation of flow through the mitral valve during ventricular systole 2.myocardial infarction
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MICU:
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medical intensive care unit
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milliequivalent:
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one thousandths of an equivalent: An equivalent is the amount of a substance(mg or mM) that can enter into a reaction with one mole of hydrogen ions, or replace one mole of H+ in the reaction (gram molecular weight/valence).
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Mitral:
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referring to the bicuspid valve separating the left atrium and ventricle to prevent back flow into the atrium during ventricular systole
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mitral regurgitation:
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abnormal systolic back flow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium, resulting from imperfect closure of the mitral valve
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mitral stenosis:
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mitral valvular stenosis;narrowing of the normal area of the mitral valve causing a pressure drop across the valve during left ventricular filling
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modified ultrafiltration:
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hemoconcentration of patients blood, post bypass prior to decannulation, using the extracorporeal circuit for blood access
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mole:
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the gram molecular weight of any substance, which always contains 6.023 X 1023 molecules of that substance. The number of molecules of a substance in one gram molecular weight of the substance. one mole of hydrogen ions, or replace the H+ in the reaction (gram molecular weight/valence).
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MR:
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mitral regurgitation
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MS:
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1.mitral stenosis 2. multiple sclerosis
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MUF:
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modified ultrafiltration
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MUGA:
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multiple gated acquisition test, a radionuclide test of myocardial performance
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multivessel disease:
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disease in two or more of the coronary arteries
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MV:
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mitral valve
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MVR:
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mitral valve repair, or replacement; open heart surgery to repair or replace a diseased mitral valve with a prosthesis or artificial heart valve
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Myocardial ischemia:
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condition in which oxygen delivery to and waste removal from the myocardium falls below normal levels with oxygen demand exceeding supply.
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Myocardial infarction (Ml):
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damage to the heart muscle caused by occlusion of one or more of the coronary arteries.
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Myocardium:
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the muscular wall of the heart located between the inner endocardial layer and the outer epicardial layer.
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Necrosis:
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death of individual cells or groups of cells, or of localized areas of tissue
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NHLBI:
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National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
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NIDDM:
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non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
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nitrate:
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a drug whose metabolites produce a relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, causing dilation of the veins, reducing preload and myocardial oxygen demand.
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nitrogen:
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chemical element at. no. 7, symbol N, molecular N2. It forms about 78% of the atmosphere and 78% of dissolved gas in the blood
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N/G:
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naso gastric
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NICU:
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neonatal intensive care unit
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NKA:
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no known allergies
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NKDA:
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no known drug allergies
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non-Q-wave myocardial infarction:
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myocardial infarction that is not associated with the evolution of new Q waves on the ECG.
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npo:
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nothing by mouth
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NSR:
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normal sinus rhythm
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NTG:
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nitroglycerin
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OHDC:
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oxyhemoblobin disassociation curve
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Obtuse marginal:
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branches of the circumflex coronary artery
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OM1 OM2:
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obtuse marginal
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Osmosis:
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the passage of pure solvent from a solution of lesser to one of greater solute concentration, when the two solutions are separated by a membrane which selectively prevents the passage of solute molecules, but is permeable to the solvent
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osmotic pressure:
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the negative pressure created by a dissolved non-diffusible substance across a membrane permeable to solvent but not to the solute
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ostia:
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opening
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-otomy:
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to make a surgical opening into
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oxygen:
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chemical element at. no 8, symbol O, molecular O2, an odorless, colorless gas that is essential to all plants and animals for respiration
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oxygenator:
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an artificial device that functions like the lung to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood
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P50:
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hemoglobin P50, the partial pressure of oxygen where hemoglobin is 50% saturated with oxygen, normally about 27 mmHg
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PA:
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pulmonary artery
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PAC:
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premature atrial contraction
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PaO2:
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the partial pressure exerted by O2 dissolved in arterial (a) plasma and RBC water,(in the venous blood - PvO2)
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PFO:
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patent foramen ovale
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PaCO2:
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the partial pressure exerted by CO2 dissolved in arterial (a) plasma and RBC water, (in the venous blood - PvCO2)
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palliative:
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to relieve the symptoms of without fixing or repairing the underlying condition
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partial pressure:
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the pressure exerted by a gas dissolved in plasma and RBC water, for example pO2 is the partial pressure exerted by dissolved oxygen
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pCO2:
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The partial pressure (tension) exerted by CO2 in mmHg. The respiratory component. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is produced by metabolism and carried by the blood to the lungs where it diffuses into the alveoli and is eliminated by exhaled breath. The amount of CO2 dissolved in the blood is measured by the partial pressure it exerts and is reported in mmHg. When CO2 dissolves in H2O it combines to form H2CO2 (carbonic acid) the most important acid in the body. The [H2CO2] is directly proportional to the CO2 dissolved in the blood (paCO2) and the paCO2 is a measurement of the ventilation status of the patient. Therefor the paCO2 is known as the respiratory component of the acid-base balance. As with pH, the body maintains the pCO2 within strict limits. The normal pCO2 is 35 - 45 mmHg with a mean of 40 mmHg.
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PCWP:
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pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
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PDA:
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1. patent ductus arteriosus 2. posterior descending artery
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PE:
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1. pulmonary embolus 2. pulmonary edema 3. peripheral edema
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percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA):
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percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, compression of an athromatous lesion by inflating an intracoronary balloon catheter to dilate the vessel
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PERLA:
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pupils equal and reactive to light and accommodation
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perfusion :
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1. flowing over or through 2. blood flow through the organs and tissues of the body 3. the profession of the study and implementation of blood flow through an extracorporeal circuit for life support
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perfusion scan:
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a test to determine the status of blood flow to an organ.
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perfusion balloon angioplasty:
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a variation of PTCA in which a catheter is inserted in the artery that permits blood flow during balloon inflation.
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Perfusionist:
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see perfusion technologist
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perfusion technologist:
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perfusionist the health professional educated to operate the heart lung machine and other life support devices
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peri-:
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surrounding, around
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pericardium:
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the tough non-elastic membrane surrounding the heart that attached to the great vessels and other anatomical structures in the mediastinum
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pericarditis:
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inflamation of the pericardium
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pH:
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the inverse log of the hydrogen ion activity; a measure of the alkalinity or acidity of the blood or solution on a 14 point scale with 1 being acidic and 14 being alkaline. The body normally maintains the [H+] and there for the pH within very strict limits. Normal pH is 7.35 - 7.45 with a mean of 7.40.
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PH2 O:
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water vapor pressure, the partial pressure exerted by the presence of water vapor
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Phagocyte:
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a white blood cell that engulfs and destroys foreign organisms and debris in the blood
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pharmacologic stress test:
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a test of heart function during intentional drug-induced stress.
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pH stat:
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ventilation scheme where the total CO2 increases as the temperature falls and the temperature corrected ABG appears normal. So called because the temperature-corrected. Actual blood pH equals 7.40 during all temperatures of CPB
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PI:
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pulmonary insufficiency
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PICU:
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pediatric intensive care unit
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PJC:
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premature junctional contractions
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pK:
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a constant that describes the rate or degree to which a chemical reaction goes to completion, depending on temperature and pH
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Plasma free hemoglobin:
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hemoglobin released from dying or damaged red blood cells
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Plasma:
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the a cellular, colorless liquid portion of the blood
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plasmin:
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the substance found in the blood that digests fibrin resulting in clot dissolution
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plasminogen:
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the precursor to plasmin that is activated by tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)
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platelet:
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thrombocyte
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PND:
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paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
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pO2:
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partial pressure of oxygen. Oxygen is used by the body as a metabolic substrate to produce energy. A constant supply of oxygen is needed to maintain living tissue. 21% of the air we breath is oxygen and at sea level it exerts a pO2 of ~159 mmHg. The air is taken into lungs with each inhalation and moved into the alveoli where the pO2 is ~100 mmHg. The O2 diffuses into the blood and dissolves in the plasma where it exerts a pO2 of ~95 mmHg. In normal arterial blood with a pO2 of ~95 mmHg the blood is ~98% saturated with oxygen. The oxygen is carried to the tissue by the blood and by the time the venous blood returns to the lungs it has a pO2 of ~40 mmHg and is ~75% saturated. The paO2 is assessed on the ABG to provide a measure of the arterial oxygenation.
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poikilothermic:
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cold blooded, heterothermic; animals whose body temperature changes with the environment
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polycythemia:
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a serious condition characterized by too many red blood cells in the circulation
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pooled platelets:
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platelets collected from multiple donors and mixed together for use in transfusion
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post-Ml angina:
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angina occurring from 1 to 60 days after an acute MI.
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PR interval:
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ECG PR segment, interval of time between the P wave and the R wave on the ECG
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prime (pump):
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1. To fill the extracorporeal circuit with fluid. 2. The fluid that is required to initially fill and debubble the extracorporeal circuit before connection to the patient's vascular system
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prinzmetal's angina:
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variant angina, a clinical syndrome of rest pain and reversible ST-segment elevation without subsequent enzyme evidence of acute MI. In some patients, the cause of this syndrome appears to be coronary vasospasm alone often at the site of an insignificant coronary plaque, but a majority of patients with variant angina have angiographically significant CAD.
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PS:
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pulmonary valvular stenosis;
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PT:
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prothrombin time, protime
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PTCA:
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percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
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PTT:
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partial thromboplastin time
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Pulmonary:
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referring to the lung or the bicuspid valve separating the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery to prevent back flow into the ventricular during diastole
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pulmonary edema:
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condition, usually acute, but sometimes chronic, where fluid builds up in the lungs. This often occurs as a response to left ventricular failure in ischemic heart disease, hypertension, or aortic valve disease.
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pulmonary atresia:
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small or undeveloped pulmonary valve
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pulmonary insufficiency:
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pulmonary valvular incompetence, back flow or regurgitation of flow through the pulmonary valve during ventricular diastole
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pulmonary stenosis:
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pulmonary valvular stenosis; narrowing of the normal area of the pulmonary valve causing a pressure drop across the valve during left ventricular systole
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pump:
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1. the blood propulsion device included in the extracorporeal circuit to replace the left ventricular function 2. Slang for the heart
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pumptech:
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1. slang for the technologist that is a perfusionist 2. a technician that is responsible for operating heart lung machine during surgery 3. a member of the 'pump team'
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PV:
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pulmonary valve
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PVC:
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premature ventricular contraction
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PVD:
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peripheral vascular disease
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PVR:
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1 pulmonary vascular resistance; resistance to the flow of blood through the pulmonary vascular beds 2. Peripheral vascular resistance, resistance to the flow of blood through the peripheral vascular beds 3. Pulmonary valve repair, or replacement, open heart surgery to repair or replace a diseased pulmonary valve with a prosthesis or artificial heart valve
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QIP:
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quality improvement process
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RA:
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right atrium
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radionuclide test:
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A diagnostic test in which a radioactive substance is injected into the bloodstream and the emitted radioactivity is detected by a scanner, used to visualize the heart and vessels.
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RBBB:
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right bundle branch block
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RBC:
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red blood cell, erythrocyte
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RCA:
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right coronary artery
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Renal:
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referring to the kidney(s)
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renal failure:
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failure of the kidney to cleanse the blood causing the build up of waste products in the blood
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respiration:
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the chemical processes that occur at the tissue cellular level converting oxygen and water to heat, ATP and carbon dioxide
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respiratory acidosis:
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an abnormal physiological process in which there is a primary reduction in alveolar ventilation relative to the rate of CO2 production. Reflected by a high pCO2 and low pH. (pCO2 greater than 45 mmHg) Treat by increasing ventilation.
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respiratory alkalosis:
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an abnormal pyhsiological process in which there is a primary increase in the rate of alveolar ventilation relative to the rate of CO2 production. Reflected by a low pCO2 and high pH. (pCO2 less than 35 mmHg) Treat by decreasing ventilation.
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re-stenosis:
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the recurrence of a stenosis
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retrograde:
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against the normal direction of flow
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revascularization:
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restoration, to the extent possible, of normal blood flow to the myocardium by surgical or percutaneous means or with removal or reduction of an obstruction as occurs when CABG or PTCA is performed
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RH:
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relative humidity
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Rh:
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rhesus monkey factor
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RHD:
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rheumatic heart disease
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RIMA:
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right internal mammary artery
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RISC:
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Research Group on Instability in Coronary Artery Disease
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Risk:
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high, intermediate, and low risk in this guideline refer to the probability of future adverse cardiac events, particularly death or MI.
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RITA:
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Randomized Intervention Treatment of Angina
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RM:
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Right Main Coronary Artery
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RRR:
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regular rate and rhythm
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RV:
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right ventricle
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RVH:
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right ventricular hypertrophy
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Rx:
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therapy or treatment
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