Percussion; Location Of Trache; Breath Sounds In Chest Disorders

Front 1

normal

Back 1

percussion: resonant

trachea: midline

breath sounds: vesicular, except perhaps bronchovesicular and bronchial sounds over large bronchi and trachea, respectively

Front 2

chronic bronchitis

Back 2

percussion: resonant

trachea: midline

breath: vesicular (normal)

Front 3

left sided heart failure (early)

Back 3

percussion: resonant

trachea: midline

breath sounds: vesicular

Front 4

consolidation

Back 4

percussion: dull over airless area

trachea: midline

breath sounds: bronchial over involved area

Front 5

atelectasis (lobar obstruction)

Back 5

percussion: dull over airless area

trachea: may be shifter toward involved side

breath sounds: usually absent when bronchial plug persists. exceptions include right upper lobe atelectasis, where adjacent tracheal sounds may be transmitted

Front 6

pleural effusion

Back 6

percussion: dull to flat over the fluid

trachea: shifted toward opposite side in a large effusion

breath sounds: decreased to absent, but bronchial breath sounds may be heard near top of large effusion

Front 7

pneumothorax

Back 7

percussion: hyperresonant or typanitic over pleural air

trachea: shifted toward opposite side if much air

breath sounds: decreased to absent over pleural air

Front 8

COPD

Back 8

percussion: diffusely hyperresonant

trachea: midline

breath sounds: decreased to absent

Front 9

asthma

Back 9

percussion: resonant to diffusely hyperresonant

trachea: midline

breath sounds: often obscured by wheezes