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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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perception |
method by which sensations are organized and interpreted |
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bottom-up processing |
analysis that emphasizes the characteristics of the stimuli rather than our concepts and expectations not using past experiences taking for what it is by looking at the individual parts |
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top down processing |
rely on own experiences analyses that emphasizes the perceiver's expectations, concepts, memories, and other cognitive factors rather than individual characteristics |
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perceptual constancy |
recognize objects remain consistent under changing conditions ex. size, color, brightness, shape |
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illusions |
when your mind interprets an image that is obviously incorrect |
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ames room illusion |
think room is square shaped, and that there is a big person in one corner and a small person in the other |
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muller-lyer illusion |
more common in industrialized societies culture changes perspective arrow-room thing |
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gestalt theory |
sum is greater than parts brain forms a perceptual whole |
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figure and ground principle |
figure: part of a pattern that commands attention and stands out ground: part of pattern that does not command attention |
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gestalt grouping principles |
perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into understandable units similarity, proximity, closure, continuity |
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closure principle |
the tendency to look at the whole by filling in the gaps in a perceptual field ex. knowing what a connect the dots is before doing it |
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similarity |
tendency to group similar objects in our perceptual field ex. grouping by color, size, etc. |
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proximity |
tend to group objects together when they are near each other ex. OX OX OX OX |
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Continuity |
tendency to perceive that movement of an object continues once it appears to move in a particular direction |
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law of contiguity |
group events that happened close together in time and space are causally associated ex. bouncing vball before serving |
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perceptual set |
readiness to detect a particular stimulus in a given situation how you think of a stimulus might change how you react ex. car speeds past in windermere dont notice but car speeds past in pine hills get scared |
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depth perception |
the ability to see in three dimensions and judge distance predominantly innate |
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binocular depth cues |
involve comparing the left and right eye images retinal disparity convergence |
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monocular depth cues |
appear in the image in either eye relative size interposition relative height texture gradient linear perspective |
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retinal disparity |
difference between images provided by the two retinas when images are brought to the brain, provide a sense of depth finger sausage |
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convergence |
when an object gets closer our eyes cross to view it the more strain in our eyes the closer we assume an object is related to the tension in the eye muscles when the eyes track inwards to focus on objects close to the viewer works best at close distances |
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relative size |
using perceived size of a familiar object to determine depth the larger an object appears, the closer it is to the viewr |
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interposition |
overlap things overlapping are closer used to determine depth |
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relative height |
the farther something is the higher in your visual field |
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texture gradient |
distant objects have a smoother texture than nearby objects |
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linear perspective |
parallel lines appear to converge in the distance lines eventually merge on the horizon Ponzo illusion |
