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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Experiments by Stanley Miller in 1950's documented that chemical reactions involving only inorganic materials and electrical sparks can yield organic materials. Those experiments produced? |
Amino Acids |
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In experiments conducted to investigate the development of organics from inorganics, what material listed below definitely cannot be part of the starting mixture. |
O2 |
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What does the occurrence of banded iron formation (BIF) deposits indicate about conditions at the time of their deposition |
Little/no O2 in the atmosphere and episodic O2 abundance in the ocean, |
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The largest reservoir of Carbon on Earth is |
Limestone |
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Mounds of finely laminated(layered) calcium carbonate (Stromatolites) are/were |
Probably produced by ancient cyanbacteria and the earliest direct fossil evidence of life on Earth. |
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Which of the following is NOT a significant component of ALL life a) Nucleic acid b) collagen c) lipids d) carbohydrates E) proteins |
Collagen |
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What Happens to the ratio of Mg to Ca in seawater when ocean ridge volume is small and sea level is relatively low |
its relatively high |
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Radiometric( isotopic) age determinations are valid only if___ |
All radioactive materials decay at the same rate |
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Some Archean-age sandstones deposited in vigorously flowing rivers contain rounded grains of pyrite, uraninite and siderite. What does that indicate about the atmosphere at the time |
it was not oxidizing |
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The age of the earth has been accurately determined from
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Isotopic dating of the Moons oldest rocks and isotopic dating of meteorites. |
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The 18O/O16 ratio of the CaCO3 of two sets of fossil shells was determined. the ratio in those that formed at time 1 was 6/300; for those formed at time 2 it was 8/300. What does this data indicate about the conditions at the times when those shells formed. |
Sea level was higher at time 1 compared to time 2 and there was more glacial ice on continents at time 2 compare to time 1. |
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If a crystal in an igneous rock is found to have 800 atoms of radioactive parent isotope, and 2400 atoms of its stable daughter isotope, how old is the crystal. |
2 half lives |
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The discovery that organelles(such as mitochondria) eukaryotic cells possess their own DNA provides compelling evidence that supports the____ |
Endosymbiosis(Serial Symbiosis) Theory |
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From geologic evidence seen continental cratons, how long has plate tectonic activity been going on? It has been occurring since sometime in the ____ |
Archean |
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If a geologically sudden release of a large volume of methane hydrate occurred at some time in the geologic past, what clue might we find in the rock record that would inform us about that? |
A sudden decrease in the 13C/12C ratio in fossil shells |
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The Oparin-Haldane Hypothesis suggested that______ |
Life on earth naturally arose from inorganic components under favorable conditions. |
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What do the 18^O/16^O ratios found in the 4.3 and 4.4 billion year old zircons from Australia tell us about the conditions at the time they formed? |
Earth was relatively cool(< 100 degrees celsius) and there was liquid water on earth |
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Which of the following seems to be the conditions on Earth during the Archean Eon |
Many small oceans and many small continents |
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Which of the following definitely represents an isochronous surface: that is a layer of rock that represents the same short interval of time everywhere? |
a volcanic ash layer |
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Mg/Ca ratio of seawater has been determined for two different times in the geologic past. The ratio at time 1 was 4/9: the ratio at time 2 was 4/11. Which of the following can we determine from this data? |
sea level at time 2 was higher than at time 1 and ocean ridge volume was greater at time 2 than at time 1. |
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The two prominent rock types among Archean rocks of continental cratons are |
greenstones and granitoid's. |
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Rocks of____age are older than rocks of __ age |
Devonian/Carboniferous |
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What is the most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere today |
N2 |
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of the gases listed below, which was probably much more abundant in Earths early( not primordial) atmosphere than it is today. A) oxygen b)Neon(Ne) c)Argon(Ar) d)Nitrogen E) carbon dioxide(CO2) |
Carbon Dioxide |
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Most of the Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and ocean has been removed as a result of |
Deoposition of organic carbon and calcium carbonate and Photosynthesis |
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If a radioactive parent Isotope with 71^X with a atomic number 32 decays into daughter isotope 71^Y with atomic number 33. What type of decay does that isotopic pair experience? |
Beta decay |
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In order for O2 concentration in the atmosphere to rise significantly, what must happen? |
Unoxidized carbon must be sequestered(buried) |
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Archean greenstones probably represent which of the following |
Narrow ocean basins and subuduction zones/Volcanic arcs |
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How has most of the oxygen in Earths atmosphere been derived? |
Photosynthesis |
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The presence of the hydrocarbon chemical sterane in 2.7 billion year old rocks is thought to provide evidence for existence of_________. |
eukaryotes |
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When large continental glaciers develop on land what happens to the ratio of 18^O to 16^O seawater? |
It increases |
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If primary producers in the pelagic food web greatly increase in numbers over a short interval of time, what clue may be found in the rock record to let us know that such an event occurred? |
A decrease in the 13^c/12^C ratio in sea bottom sentiment. |
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Which of the following IS NOT a way that plate tectonics has affected the history of life on Earth? A) a continent rifting that split the biota into populations that evolved independently b) sea level rise and fall by 100s of meters c) continent migration across latitudes causing climatic changes d) episodes of massive continental ice sheets, or lack of any glaciers E) A and C F) B and D G) None of the Above |
G) None of the above |
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What is the half-life of 14^C |
5730 years |
