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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Penicillin Drug Names
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penicillin G benzathine
penicillin G potassium penicillin G procaine penicillin V |
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Extended-Spectrum Penicillins
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amoxicillin
ampicillin carbenicillin ticarcillin |
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Penicillin-Resistant Antibiotics
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nafcillin
oxacillin |
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Actions
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Selective toxicity
Bactericidal--interferes with ability to build cell walls when dividing Prevent biosysthesis in framework of cell--weakened walls swell and burst from osmotic pressure in cell. |
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Indications
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Streptococcal infections
endocarditis pneumococcal infections staphylococcal infections fusospirochetal infections ratbite fever diptheria anthrax syphilis uncomplicated gonoccal infections At high doses can be used to treat meningococcal meningitis |
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Pharmacokinetics
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most penicillins are rapidly absorbed from the GI tract
reach peak levels in 1 hour sensitive to the gastric acid levels and should be taken on empty stomach to ensure adequate absorbtion excreted unchanged in urine enter breast milk and can cause diarrhea and adverse reactions in the baby |
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Contraindications
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patients with allergies to penicillin or cephalosporins
renal dysfunction and pregnancy |
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Adverse Effects
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most occur in GI tract-these effects are primarily related to loss of bacteria from normal flora and subsequent opportunistic infections that occur nausea/vomiting
diarrhea abdominal pain glossitis stomatitis gastritis sore mouth furry tongue Superinfections and yeast infections also associated with loss of flora Pain and inflammation at injection site Hypersensitivity-rash, fever, wheezing Repeated exposure-anaphylaxis possibly leading to anaphylactic and death |
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Drug-Drug Interactions
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Tetracyclines cause decrease in effectiveness of penicillin results
dont combine parenteral penicillin and parenteral aminoglycosides---the aminoglycosides are inactivated |
