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107 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lesser pelvis is also called _
Greater pelvis is also called _ |
True
False |
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Functions of bony pelvis
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Weight transfer
Protect pelvic viscera Birth canal |
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_ and _ are in the same coronal plane
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ASIS and pubic symphysis
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_ and _ are in the same transverse plane
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Coccyx and pubic symphysis
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Sructures that pass through greater sciatic foramina
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Internal pudendal artery + vein
Pudendal nerve Superior gluteal artery and vein Inferior gluteal artery and vein Piriformis |
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Structures that pass through lesser sciatic foramen
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Internal pudendal nerve
Pudendal artery and vein Obturator internus muscle |
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Subpubic angle is _ in females
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Wider
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Inlet is more _ in females
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Rounded
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Outlet is _ in females
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Larger
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Male pelvis shapes are _
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Android or anthropoid
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Female pelvis shapes are _
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Gynecoid
Platypelloid |
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Conjugate diameter - 3 types
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AP - superior border of pubic symphysis to middle of sacral promontory
Obstetrical - back of pubic symphysis to promontory Diagonal - bottom of pubic symphysis to sacral promontory |
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Diameter that can be measured per vaginam
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Diagonal conjugate
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Diameter that is the narrowest region between pubic symphysis and promontory
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Obstetrical
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Oblique diameter is from _ to _ on the other side
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SI joint
iliopubic eminence |
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Transverse diameter can be measured at both _ and _
At _ its between ischial tuberosities |
Inlet and outlet
Outlet |
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AP diameter of outlet is measured between _ and _
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Lower border of pubic symphysis and tip of coccyx
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Maximum diameter of inlet is _
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Transverse
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Maximum diameter of outlet is _
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AP
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Type of lumbosacral joint
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Secondary cartilaginous and two zygapophyseal (plane synovial)
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_ ligament stabilizes lumbosacral joint
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Iliolumbar
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Type of sacroiliac joint
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Plane synovial
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SI joint is stabilized by _
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Anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments
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Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments prevent_
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Forward rotation of sacrum
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Pubic symphysis type of joint _
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Secondary cartilaginous
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Pelvic floor is made by _
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Pelvic diaphragm
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Pelvic diaphragm is made of _ and _
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Levator ani + coccygeus
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Levator ani has 3 parts - name them
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Pubococcygeus - levator prostate in men, pubovaginalis in women
Puborectalis Iliococcygeus |
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Innervation of pelvic diaphragm
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Nerve to levator ani S4
Inferior rectal and coccygeal plexus |
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Which muscle of pelvic diaphragm plays major role in defecation
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Puborectalis - forms sling that loops around anal canal
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Transverse diameter can be measured at both _ and _
At _ its between ischial tuberosities |
Inlet and outlet
Outlet |
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AP diameter of outlet is measured between _ and _
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Lower border of pubic symphysis and tip of coccyx
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Maximum diameter of inlet is _
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Transverse
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Maximum diameter of outlet is _
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AP
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Type of lumbosacral joint
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Secondary cartilaginous and two zygapophyseal (plane synovial)
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_ ligament stabilizes lumbosacral joint
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Iliolumbar
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Type of sacroiliac joint
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Plane synovial
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SI joint is stabilized by _
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Anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments
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Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments prevent_
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Forward rotation of sacrum
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Pubic symphysis type of joint _
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Secondary cartilaginous
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Pelvic floor is made by _
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Pelvic diaphragm
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Pelvic diaphragm is made of _ and _
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Levator ani + coccygeus
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Levator ani has 3 parts - name them
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Pubococcygeus - levator prostate in men, pubovaginalis in women
Puborectalis Iliococcygeus |
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Innervation of pelvic diaphragm
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Nerve to levator ani S4
Inferior rectal and coccygeal plexus |
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Which muscle of pelvic diaphragm plays major role in defecation
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Puborectalis - forms sling that loops around anal canal
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Functions of pelvic diaphragm
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1. Support
2. Resist intra abdominal pressure 3. Voluntary control of defecation |
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Genital hiatus is an opening in _ , which is closed by _
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Levator ani
Urogenital diaphragm |
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What passes through genital hiatus
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Urethra and vagina
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Endopelvic fascia is continuous with _ fascia and has two layers _ and _
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Transversalis
Parietal and visceral |
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Tendinous arch of levator ani runs _
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AP diameter of pelvic outlet
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Which ligament attaches vagina and cervix to lateral pelvic wall
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Transverse cervical
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Structures that pass through pelvic inlet
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Rectum
Internal iliac Lymphatics Ovarian vessels Sympathetic trunk Hypogastric plexus Obturator nerve Ureters Lumbosacral trunk Ductus deferens /round ligament of uterus |
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Structures that pass through outlet
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Urethra
Vagina Anus Cavernous nerves Inferior rectal VAN Deep dorsal vein of penis/clitoris |
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Blood supply to anus :
above pectinate line _ below pectinate line _ |
Superior and middle rectal
Middle and inferior rectal |
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Bladder supplied in males by _ arteries and in females by _ arteries
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SUperior, inferior, middle vesical
Uterine and vaginal |
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Prostate is supplied by _ arteries
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Internal pudendal
Inferior vesical Middle rectal |
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Uterus blood supply
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Uterine + ovarian
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Posterior division of iliac artery
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LIS
Lateral Sacral Iliolumbar Superior gluteal |
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Anterior division of internal iliac artery
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IOU IMI
Inferior vesical Obturator Umbilical Internal pudendal Middle rectal Inferior gluteal |
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There are no _ veins
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Umbilical
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Sacral plexus is composed of _
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Ventral rami L4 - S3
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Ventral rami of sacral nerves leave through _
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Anterior sacral foramen
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Pudendal nerve levels
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S2- S4
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Pudendal nerve courses through 6 anatomic regions - name them
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1. Pelvis
2. Gluteal region 3. Pudendal canal 4. Deep perineal space 5. Dorsum of penis 6. Superficial perineal space |
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Describe route of pudendal nerve
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Arises from ventral rami S2 - S4, runs along posterior wall of pelvis through greater sciatic foramen between piriformis and coccygeus, crosses over ischial spine, enters pelvis again through lesser sciatic foramen, upon reentering pelvis becomes invested in fascia of obturator internus, ends in pudendal canal
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While in pudendal canal, pudendal nerve splits into
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Inferior rectal
Perineal Dorsal nerve of penis (clitoris) |
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In male _ passes on top of ureter, in female _
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Ductus deferens
Uterine artery |
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Average bladder can be surgically approached over _
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Pubic symphysis
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Muscular coat of bladder is called _
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Detrusor muscle
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4 parts of urethra in males
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1. Preprostatic - shortest
2. Prostatic - widest 3. Membranous 4. Spongy |
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Secretions of prostate make _ % of total semen volume
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20
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Which part of prostate blocks urine flow if prostate is enlarged
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Median lobe
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Ovaries are located in
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True pelvis
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Ovarian ligament connects _ to _
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Ovary to uterus
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Ovary drains to _ nodes
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Lumbar
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Normal position of uterus
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Anteverted and anteflexed
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Fornix is area of cervix that protrudes to _
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Vagina
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Homologues of gubernaculum are _
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Round ligament
Ovarian ligament |
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Lymphatic drainage of regions where uterus meets uterine tubes is _
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Superficial inguinal nodes
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Upper 2/3 of vagina drains to _
Lower 1/3 to _ |
Internal and external iliac
Superficial inguinal |
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Upper 2/3 of vagina gets _ innervation while lower 1/3 gets _ innervation
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Visceral
Somatic |
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Most inferior part of peritoneal cavity in males
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Rectovesical
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Most inferior part of peritoneal cavity in females
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Rectouterine pouch
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UG diaphragm consists of _
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Superior fascia
Inferior fascia Muscles - sphincter urethrae and deep transverse perineal |
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Structures attached to perineal body
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Bulbospongiosus
External anal sphincter Deep transverse perineal External urethral sphincter Levator ani (pubococcygeus) Muscular rectum Superficial transverse perineal Colles fascia Perineal membrane Superior fascia of UGD Deep investing fascia |
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Pudendal canal is space within
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Obturator fascia - contains internal pudendal artery, pudendal nerve
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What kind of fascia is COlles fascia
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Deep layer of superficial fascia
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Name of fascia extending over penis and scrotum
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Dartos
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If you get rupture of urethra above UGD, where does urine leak
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Pelvic cavity, below peritoneum
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If you puncture urethra but Bucks fascia is intact, where does urine go
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Restricted to shaft of penis
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If you rupture urethra and damage Bucks fascia, where does urine go
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Under Colles fascia
Scrotum Under Scarpas in abdomen |
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Internal hemorrhoids are _ while external are _
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Painless
Painful |
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Which layer of penis contains urethra
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Corpus spongiosum
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Suspensory ligament arises _ while fundiform ligament arises _
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From pubic symphysis, forms sling
From linea alba, above pubic symphysis |
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Sympathetics go superficial or deep?
Parasympathetic? |
Sympathetic - both
Parasympathetic - deep only, except genitalia |
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Lumbar and Sacral splanchnic nerves are what kind of nerves? where cell bodies? describe path
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Sympathetic
Preganglionic cell bodies in IML T10- L2 Enter chain via white ramus, traverse chain WITHOUT synapse, pass splanchnic nerve to hypogastric plexus, accompanied by GVA fibers |
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White rami vs grey rami
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White - preganglionic, T1- L2 only
Grey - all over, postganglionic |
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Lumbar and sacral splanchnics are pre or postganglionic
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PREGANGLIONIC
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Lumbar and sacral splanchnics synapse in _
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Pelvic ganglia (hypogastric plexus)
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T11 - L2 are levels for
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Ureter
Epididymis, Ductus, etc Bladder Prostate |
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T10 - L1 are levels for _
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Gonad
Uterine tube |
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Generally pelvic visceral get sympathetics from
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bottom of IML - T10 - L2
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Pelvic splanchnic nerves are what kind of nerves
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Parasympathetic
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Preganglionics for pelvic splanchnics are in _
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S2-S4
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Synapse for pelvic splanchnic occurs at _
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organ OR hypogastric plexus
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Which nervous system is excitatory to detrusor and inhibitory to internal sphincter
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Parasympathetic
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Scrotum drains to _
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Superficial inguinal nodes
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