Pelvic Limb Q&a's

Front 1

Of what does the hip bone(os coxae) consist?

Back 1

fused ilium,ischium,pubis (and acetabular) bones

Front 2

What are the large openings in the floor of the pelvic girdle?

Back 2

Obturator foramina

Front 3

What hip bone concavity articulates w/ the head of the femur?

Back 3

Acetabulum

Front 4

What is the junction of the rt. & lft. os coxae?

Back 4

pelvic symphysis

Front 5

What is the palpable prominence of the lateral wing of the ilium?

Back 5

Tuber coxae/point of the hip

Front 6

What is the thick, caudal part of the ischium?

Back 6

Ischiatic tuberosity/ischial tuber

Front 7

What medial process of the wing of the ilium is next to the sacrum?

Back 7

Tuber sacrale/sacral tuberosity

Front 8

What is the caudal indentation between the ischiatic tuberosities?

Back 8

Ischiatic arch

Front 9

What large prominence is lateral to the head of the femur?

Back 9

Major(greater)trochanter of the femur

Front 10

The patella articulates with the ______ surface of the femur.

Back 10

Trochlear (patellar surface of trochlea)

Front 11

What depression on the head of the femur is for the round ligament?

Back 11

Fovea capitis

Front 12

What joins the head of the femur with the body of the femur?

Back 12

Neck of the femur

Front 13

What are the two large knuckle-like structures on the distal femur?

Back 13

medial & lateral condyles

Front 14

What is the knee cap?

Back 14

Patella

Front 15

What are the two sesamoid bones in the heads of the gastronemius?

Back 15

Medial & lateral sesamoids (fabellae) of the gastronemius m.

Front 16

What is the large proximocranial process of the tibia where the patellar ligaments attach?

Back 16

tibial tuberosity

Front 17

What are the parts of the fibula?

Back 17

head, body, and lateral malleolus (distal part)

Front 18

Which is the more lateral bone of the crus?

Back 18

Fibula

Front 19

What is the "heel" bone?

Back 19

Calcaneus

Front 20

Of what does the proximal row of the tarsus consist?

Back 20

Talus(tibial),calcaneus (fibular) tarsal bones

Front 21

What bone of the proximal row is located on the lateral side?

Back 21

Calcaneus, also plantar side

Front 22

What is another name for the tarsus?

Back 22

Hock

Front 23

What is the shelf of the calcaneus for lateral head of the deep digital flexor tendon?

Back 23

Sustentaculum tali

Front 24

How does the dog's metatarsus differ from the metacarpus?

Back 24

1st Mt more reduced, other Mt's slightly longer & dew claw usually absent.

Front 25

What is the relatively immovable joint bt. the sacrum & ilium?

Back 25

sacroiliac joint

Front 26

Name the ball-& socket joint of the pelvic limb.

Back 26

Hip joint or coxofemoral joint

Front 27

What forms the sacrotuberous ligament in the dog?

Back 27

A strong band of connective tissue

Front 28

Does the cat have a sacrotuberous ligament?

Back 28

No

Front 29

What is the ligament from the fovea capitis to the acetabular fossa?

Back 29

Ligament of the head of the femur

Front 30

What are the fibrocartilaginous discs bt. the condyles of the femur and tibia?

Back 30

Medial & lateral menisci

Front 31

How are the cruciate ligaments named?

Back 31

For their attachment to the tibia

Front 32

Which collateral ligament attaches to a meniscus?

Back 32

Medial

Front 33

List the bones of the hock and which rows they are in.

Back 33

Proximal row:talus & calcaneus
Middle row:central & 4th (2 story bone)
Distal row:numbered bones 1-4

Front 34

List the joints of the hock.

Back 34

Tibiotarsal,tarsocrural or talocrural joint
Proximal intertarsal(PIT)joint
Distal intertarsal(DIT)joint
Tarsometatarsal(TMt)joint

Front 35

What prevents overflexion of the tarsus?

Back 35

long plantar ligament

Front 36

In what domestic species is the exact configuration of the tarsus clinically most important?

Back 36

Horse

Front 37

List the sublumbar muscles.

Back 37

Psoas minor, iliopsoas & quadratus lumborum

Front 38

What is the function of the iliopsoas muscle?

Back 38

Major flexor of the hip

Front 39

What are extensors of the stifle and what innervates them?

Back 39

Cranial thigh (quadriceps) mm., femoral n.

Front 40

The cranial thigh muscles(quadriceps)have what actions?

Back 40

Extend stifle and flex hip

Front 41

What is the action and innervation of the medial thigh muscles?

Back 41

adduction, obturator n.

Front 42

What innervates the flexors of the digits and extensors of the taurus?

Back 42

Tibial N.

Front 43

List the hamstring muscles from lateral to medial.

Back 43

bicep Femoris,
semitendinosus, semimembranosus

Front 44

List the adductor muscles supplied by the obturator nerve.

Back 44

Pectineus
gracilis
adductor

Front 45

What are the attachments of the SDF in the dog's pelvic limb?

Back 45

femur, calcaneous and middle phalanges of digits 2-5

Front 46

What are the actions of the crural muscles?

Back 46

Craniolateral:extensors of digits & flexor of the taurus (extensors)
Caudal: flexors of the digits and extensors of the taurus (flexors)

Front 47

What composite tendon inserts on the calcaneus?

Back 47

common calcanean tendon

Front 48

What part of the pelvic limb is between the stifle and the tarsus?

Back 48

Crus or true leg

Front 49

What are the main extensors and flexors of the digits?

Back 49

Extensor: long and lateral digital extensors
Flexors: SDF & DDF

Front 50

What are 5 terminal branches of the internal iliac artery?

Back 50

internal pudendal & caudal gluteal aa.

Front 51

What are the 5 terminal branches of the abdominal aorta?

Back 51

2 ext.iliac, 2 int.iliac & median sacral

Front 52

What branch of the aorta is the main supply to the pelvic limb?

Back 52

Ext. iliac

Front 53

What artery is a direct continuation of the external iliac artery out of the abdominal cavity to supply the pelvic limb?

Back 53

Femoral a.

Front 54

What is the distal continuation of the femoral artery caudal to the stifle?

Back 54

popliteal a.

Front 55

What is the larger branch of the popliteal artery?

Back 55

cranial tibial a

Front 56

The cranial tibial artery continues as the ____ ___ on the taurus.

Back 56

dorsal pedal a.

Front 57

What is a digital artery on the side of a digit facing the axis and one facing away from axis?

Back 57

axial digital a.
abaxial digital a.

Front 58

List the superficial veins of the pelvic limb.

Back 58

Medial and lateral saphenous veins

Front 59

What is the palpable lymph node of the pelvic limb? Where?

Back 59

popliteal lymph node, caudal to the stifle (popliteal area)

Front 60

What drains the groin,caudal mammary gland & scrotum?

Back 60

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes (palpable)

Front 61

What are the main lymph nodes located near the termination of the aorta?

Back 61

medial iliac lymph nodes

Front 62

List the first 4 main nerves of the pelvic limb and what they innervate.

Back 62

Gluteal nn.-gluteal mm.
obturator: adductors of thigh
Ischiatic:caud. thigh mm.
Tibial:caudal crural mm. & sensory plantar paw

Front 63

List the last 4 main nerves of the pelvic limb and what they innervate.

Back 63

Common fibular:craniolateral crus & sensory to dorsal paw
Femoral:iliopsoas,quadriceps
Saphenous: sartorius & sensory to medial skin (including medial stifle)

Front 64

Where is it easiest to identify the tibial nerve?

Back 64

Diving between 2 heads of the gastronemius m.

Front 65

What is the cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve?

Back 65

Saphenous n. to medial limb

Front 66

What nerve is required to bear weight on the pelvic limb?

Back 66

Femoral N. (L4-L6)extends the stifle