Pelvic Limb Muscles

Front 1

Rectus femoris

Back 1

O:small eminence on ilium
Ins: patella & continues as patellar lig
Inn: Femoral n
A: Hip joint flexor & stifle extensor
Other:

Front 2

Sartorius (eq, rum)

Back 2

O: medial side of tuber coxae
Ins: distomedial aspect of femur near medial collateral ligament of stifle
Inn: Femoral n
A: Hip joint flexor & stifle extensor
Other:

Front 3

Sartorius cranial head (dog)

Back 3

O: crest of the ilium & thoracolumbar fascia
Ins: patella & patellar lig
Inn: Femoral n
A: Hip joint flexor & stifle extensor
Other:

Front 4

Sartorius caudal head (dog)

Back 4

O:ventral iliac spines
Ins: cranial border of tibia
Inn: Femoral n
A: Hip joint flexor & stifle FLEXOR
Other:

Front 5

Iliacus

Back 5

O: iliac surface of the wing of the ilium
Ins: lesser trochanter as iliopsoas m
Inn: Femoral n
A: Hip joint flexor
Other:

Front 6

Psoas major

Back 6

O: lateral-most lumbar hypaxial m
Ins: lesser trochanter as iliopsoas m.
Inn: Femoral n
A: Hip joint flexor
Other:

Front 7

rectus femoris (of quadriceps femoris)

Back 7

O: small eminence on the ilium
Ins: patella & continue as patellar ligament
Inn: Femoral n
A: Hip flexor & Stifle Joint extensor
Other:

Front 8

vastus lateralis (of quadriceps femoris)

Back 8

O:proximal femur (near trochanters)
Ins:patella & continue as patellar ligament
Inn: Femoral n
A: Stifle Joint extensor
Other:

Front 9

vastus medialis (of quadriceps femoris)

Back 9

O:proximal femur (near trochanters)
Ins:patella & continue as patellar ligament
Inn: Femoral n
A: Stifle Joint extensor
Other:

Front 10

vastus intermedius (of quadriceps femoris)

Back 10

O:proximal femur (near trochanters)
Ins:patella & continue as patellar ligament
Inn: Femoral n
A: Stifle Joint extensor
Other:

Front 11

The femoral n innervates which muscle groups?

Back 11

hip flexors & stifle extensors

Front 12

Which mm are the hip flexors?

Back 12

rectus femoris, sartorius (cr & cd head in dog), iliopsoas

Front 13

Which mm are the stifle joint extensors?

Back 13

Quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, 3 vastus mm) & sartorius (cr head ONLY in dog; cd head flexes)

Front 14

Middle gluteal

Back 14

O: wing of the ilium
Ins: greater trochanter
Inn: Cranial gluteal n
A: Hip Joint extensor
Other:

Front 15

Piriformis (vertebral head of middle gluteal)

Back 15

O: sacral vertebrae
Ins: crest of greater trochanter
Inn: Cranial gluteal n
A: Hip Joint extensor
Other: passes over convexity of the GT

Front 16

deep gluteal w/ accessory head

Back 16

O: shaft of the ilium
Ins: greater trochanter
Inn: Cranial gluteal n
A: Hip Joint extensor
Other:

Front 17

tensor fasciae latae

Back 17

O: tuber coxae & gluteal fascia
Ins: 3rd trochanter
Inn: Cranial gluteal n
A: Hip Joint flexor/stifle joint extensor
Other:

Front 18

The cranial gluteal n innervates which muscle groups?

Back 18

hip joint extensors & hip joint flexor/stifle joint extensor

Front 19

Which hip joint extensors are innervated by the CRANIAL gluteal n?

Back 19

middle gluteal (w/ vertebral head) & deep gluteal (w/ accessory head)

Front 20

Which m is the hip joint flexor/stifle joint extensor that's innervated by the cranial gluteal n?

Back 20

tensor fasciae latae

Front 21

gracilus

Back 21

O: ventral subpelvic tendon
Ins: tibial crest & calcaneal tuber
Inn: Obturator n
A: Thigh adductor
Other:

Front 22

adductor

Back 22

O: lateral subpelvic tendon & ventral ischium
Ins: shaft of the femur
Inn: Obturator n
A: Thigh adductor
Other:

Front 23

pectineus

Back 23

O: pectin ossis pubis
Ins: medial femoral shaft
Inn: Obturator n
A: Thigh adductor
Other:

Front 24

external obturator

Back 24

O: bony margin of the obturator foramen
Ins: trochanteric fossa (of femur)
Inn: Obturator n
A: Outward rotator of the hip
Other:

Front 25

internal obturator (in ruminants)

Back 25

O: floor of the pelvis
Ins: trochanteric fossa (of femur)
Inn: Obturator n
A: Outward rotator of the hip
Other: innervated by the obturator n ONLY in ruminants! (by sciatic n in all others); passes downward & thru the obturator foramen

Front 26

The obturator n innervates which muscle groups?

Back 26

thigh adductors & outward rotators of the hip

Front 27

Which mm are the thigh adductors?

Back 27

gracilus, adductor, pectineus

Front 28

Which mm are the outward rotators of the hip AND innervated by the obturator n?

Back 28

external obturator & internal obturator of rum ONLY

Front 29

Superficial gluteal

Back 29

O: sacral vertebrae & sacrotuberous ligament
Ins: 3rd trochanter
Inn: Caudal gluteal n
A: Hip joint extensor
Other: fused with biceps femoris in LA = gluteobiceps

Front 30

Biceps femoris

Back 30

O:sacrotuberous ligament & tuber ischii
Ins: fascia of the lateral stifle & calcaneal tuber
Inn #1: Caudal gluteal n
A #1: Hip joint extensor
Inn #2: sciatic n
A #2: thigh & crural abductor AND hip & stifle extensor ("hamstring" muscle)
Other: DOUBLE innervation! ; fused with supf gluteal in LA = gluteobiceps; vertebral head of origin in eq

Front 31

caudofemoralis (cat)

Back 31

O: tail vertebrae
Ins: femur
Inn: Caudal gluteal n
A: Hip joint extensor
Other: concurs functionally w/ superficial gluteal m in the cat

Front 32

The caudal gluteal n innervates which muscle groups?

Back 32

hip joint extensors

Front 33

Which hip joint extensors are innervated by the CAUDAL gluteal n?

Back 33

superficial gluteal, biceps femoris, caudofemoralis (cat)

Front 34

caudal crural abductor (Ca only)

Back 34

O: sacrotuberous ligament
Ins: goes along underside of biceps femoris...(fascia of the lateral stifle??)
Inn: Sciatic (ischiatic) n
A: Thigh & crural abductor
Other:

Front 35

Semitendinosus

Back 35

O: tuber ischii
Ins: tibial crest (via flat tendon) & cancaneal tuber
Inn: Sciatic (ischiatic) n
A: Hip & Stifle Extensor ("hamstring" muscle)
Other: vertebral head of origin in eq

Front 36

Semimembranosus

Back 36

O: tuber ischii
Ins: distomedial femur & medial stifle collateral ligament
Inn: Sciatic (ischiatic) n
A: Hip & Stifle Extensor ("hamstring" muscle)
Other: vertebral head of origin in eq

Front 37

gemellus

Back 37

O: ischium
Ins: trochanteric fossa (of femur)
Inn: Sciatic (ischiatic) n
A: Outward hip rotators
Other:

Front 38

internal obturator (dog/cat, eq)

Back 38

O: floor of the pelvis
Ins: trochanteric fossa (of femur)
Inn: Sciatic (ischiatic) n
A: Outward hip rotators
Other: passes over the lesser ischiatic notch

Front 39

quadratus femoris

Back 39

O: ischium
Ins: trochanteric fossa (of femur)
Inn: Sciatic (ischiatic) n
A: Outward hip rotators
Other:

Front 40

The sciatic (ischiatic) n innervates which muscle groups?

Back 40

thigh & crural abductors, hip & stifle extensors (hamstring muscles), and outward hip rotators

Front 41

What mm are the thigh & crural abductors?

Back 41

biceps femoris & caudal crural abductor

Front 42

What are the hip & stifle joint extensor (hamstring) muscles?

Back 42

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, & semimembranosus (cr & cd bellies)

Front 43

What are the outward hip rotators that are innervated by the sciatic n?

Back 43

gemellus, internal obturator of the dog/cat & eq, and quadratus femoris

Front 44

cranial tibial

Back 44

O: lateral edge of tibial condyle & crest
Ins:medial metatarsals (I & II)
Inn: Peroneal (Fibular) n
A:Tarsal joint flexor
Other: bifurcates into lateral & medial ("cunean") insertion tendons

Front 45

peroneus longus

Back 45

O: fibular head & adjacent tibial condyl
Ins: proximal metatarsal
Inn: Peroneal (Fibular) n
A:Tarsal joint flexor
Other: carn & ox; thru groove on lateral malleolus; rotates the hindpaw so plantar surface faces laterally

Front 46

peroneus brevis

Back 46

O: mid-shaft of fibula
Ins: dorsoproximal metatarsal V
Inn: Peroneal (Fibular) n
A:Tarsal joint flexor
Other: carn only

Front 47

peroneus tertius

Back 47

O: extensor fossa of femur
Ins:
Inn: Peroneal (Fibular) n
A:Tarsal joint flexor
Other: horse & ox; completely collagenous band in Eq--splits to allow cranial tibial thru

Front 48

long digital extensor

Back 48

O: extensor fossa of femur
Ins: distal phalanx of digits II-V
Inn: Peroneal (Fibular) n
A:Digital extensor
Other: thru extensor groove of lateral tibial condyle & thru extensor retinaculae of tarsus
"Medial digital extensor" = fasicle of LDE in ruminants; ends on medial supporting digit

Front 49

short digital extensor

Back 49

O: tarsal bones
Ins: joins with long digital ext tendon
Inn: Peroneal (Fibular) n
A:Digital extensor
Other:

Front 50

lateral digital extensor

Back 50

O: fibula
Ins: digit V
Inn: Peroneal (Fibular) n
A:Digital extensor
Other: over groove in the lateral malleolus; joins with long digital ext after hock in Eq

Front 51

The peroneal (fibular) n innervates which muscle groups?

Back 51

Tarsal joint flexors & digital extensors

Front 52

Which mm are the tarsal joint flexors?

Back 52

cranial tibial, peroneus longus (carn, ox), peroneus brevis (carn), peroneus tertius (horse,ox)

Front 53

Which mm are the digital extensors?

Back 53

long, short, & lateral digital extensors

Front 54

gastrocnemius (lat & med head)

Back 54

O:lat & med supracondylar ridges of femur
Ins: calcanean tuber
Inn: Tibial n (passes thru tarsal canal)
A: Tarsal joint extensor
Other:sesamoid bones in insertion tendons on K9 & lateral 1 in Eq

Front 55

soleus

Back 55

O: proximal fibula
Ins: calcanean tuber
Inn: Tibial n (passes thru tarsal canal)
A: Tarsal joint extensor
Other: large in cat, present in LA, absent in dog; triceps surae m = soleus + gastroc bellies

Front 56

superficial digital flexor

Back 56

O: lateral supracondylar tuberosity of femur
Ins: sides of calcaneal tuber & P2 of digits II-V in dog/rum but P1 and P2 of Eq
Inn: Tibial n (passes thru tarsal canal)
A: Tarsal joint extensor & digital flexor
Other: united with lateral head of gastroc; tendon spirals around gastroc tendon; calcaneal bursa @ point of the hock

Front 57

caudal tibial

Back 57

O: caudal surface of tibia
Ins:medial collateral lig of tarsus
Inn: Tibial n (passes thru tarsal canal)
A: Tarsal joint extensor
Other: insig in dog; joins lat head of DDF in rum,eq & passes thru tarsal canal

Front 58

interosseous mm

Back 58

O: proximal plantar metatarsals
Ins: proximal sesamoids @ MP joint
Inn: Tibial n (passes thru tarsal canal)
A: Tarsal joint extensor
Other: called "suspensory ligament" in LA

Front 59

deep digital flexor (med & lat heads)

Back 59

O: proximocaudal aspect of tibial & fibular shafts
Ins: distal phalanx of digits II-V
Inn: tibial n (passes thru tarsal canal)
A: digital flexor
Other: lateral tendon thru tarsal canal (covered by tarsal flexor retinaculum); medial tendon along medial tarsus in the medial collateral ligament & joins lateral tendon

Front 60

Popliteus

Back 60

O: fossa musculi poplitei (on lat distal femur)
Ins: caudomedial proximal tibia
Inn: tibial n (passes thru tarsal canal)
A: medial rotator of crus
Other: sesamoid bone in tendon (K9)

Front 61

The tibial n innervates which muscle groups?

Back 61

tarsal joint extensors, digital flexors, medial rotator of crus

Front 62

Which mm are the tarsal joint extensors?

Back 62

gastrocnemius (lat & med heads), soleus (absent in dog), superficial digital flexor, caudal tibial, interosseous mm

Front 63

Which mm are the digitial flexors?

Back 63

superifical & deep DFs

Front 64

Which mm are the medial rotators of the crus?

Back 64

popliteus