Peds Trauma And Other Stuff

Front 1

what is the leading cause of death in pediatric patients?

Back 1

trauma

Front 2

how are the vast majority of splenic and liver injuries treated in children?

Back 2

observation (i.e., nonoperatively)

Front 3

what is a common simulator of peritoneal signs in the blunt pediatric trauma victim?

Back 3

gastric distention (place an NG tube)

Front 4

how do you estimate normal systolic blood pressure in a child?

Back 4

80 + (2)(age) (e.g., 5-yr-old should have normal BP of 90)

Front 5

what is the 20-20-10 rule of fluid resuscitation of the unstable pediatric trauma patient?

Back 5

1st give a 20 cc/kg LR bolus followed by a 2nd bolus of 20 cc/kg LR bolus if needed; if the patient is still unstable after LR bolus x2, then administer a 10 cc/kg bolus of BLOOD

Front 6

what CT scan findings suggest small bowel injury?

Back 6

free fluid w/NO evidence of liver or spleen injury; free air, contrast leak, bowel thickening, mesentery streaking

Front 7

what is the treatment for duodenal hematoma?

Back 7

observation w/NGT and TPN

Front 8

what is bilious vomiting in an infant?

Back 8

malrotation until proven otherwise (~90% of patients w/malrotation present before the 1st year of life)

Front 9

what is the common pediatric sedative?

Back 9

chloral hydrate

Front 10

what does TORCHES stand for?

Back 10

nonbacterial fetal and neonatal infections: toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes, syphilis

Front 11

what are the contraindications to circumcision?

Back 11

hypospadias, etc., b/c the foreskin might be needed for future repair of the abnormality

Front 12

when should an umbilical hernia be repaired?

Back 12

>1.5 cm, after 4 yrs of age, otherwise observe b/c most close spontaneously. repair before school age if it persists.

Front 13

what is the cancer risk in the cryptorchid testicle? when should orchidopexy be performed?

Back 13

>10x the normal testicular cancer rate. all patients w/undescended testicle undergo orchidopexy after 1 yr of age

Front 14

what is dance's sign?

Back 14

empty RLQ in patients w/ileocecal intussusception

Front 15

what are some signs of child abuse? what is the treatment of child abuse?

Back 15

cigarette burns, rope burns, scald to post thighs and buttocks, multiple fractures/old fractures, genital trauma, delay in accessing health care system. tx: ADMIT THE PATIENT to the hospital

Front 16

what is the tx of hemangioma? what are the indications for operation in hemangiomas? what are treatment options?

Back 16

tx: observation b/c most regress spontaneously. operation is indicated in severe thrombocytopenia, congestive heart failure, functional impairment (vision, breathing). tx options: steroids, radiation, surgical resection, angiographic embolization

Front 17

what is the most common benign liver tumor in children?

Back 17

hemangioma

Front 18

what is eagle-barrett's syndrome?

Back 18

AKA prune belly; congenital inadequate abdominal musculature (very lax and thin)

Front 19

what is pierre-robin syndrome? what is the major concern?

Back 19

classic triad: big protruding tongue (glossoptosis), small mandible (micrognathia), cleft palate. major concern is airway obstruction by the tongue

Front 20

what are the most common cancers in children?

Back 20

1. leukemia 2. CNS tumors 3. lymphomas

Front 21

what is the most common solid neoplasm in infants? what is the most common solid tumor in children?

Back 21

neoplasm in infants: neuroblastoma. solid tumor in children: CNS tumors

Front 22

what syndrome must you consider in the patient w/abdominal pain, hematuria, hx of joing pain, and a purpuric rash?

Back 22

henoch-schnolein syndrome; patient may also have melena (50%) or at least guaiac+ stools

Front 23

what is apley's law?

Back 23

the further a chronically recurrent abdominal pain is from the umbilicus, the greater the likelihood of an organic cause for the pain

Front 24

what is the most common cause of SBO in children?

Back 24

hernias

Front 25

what is a patent urachus?

Back 25

persistence of the urachus, a communication b/w the bladder and umbilicus; presents w/urine out of the umbilicus and recurrent UTIs

Front 26

what is a replogle tube?

Back 26

10 french sump pump NG tube for babies (originally designed by dr. replogle for suction of the esophageal blind pouch of esophageal atresia)

Front 27

what are As and Bs?

Back 27

apnea and bradycardia episodes in babies

Front 28

what is the double bubble sign on AXR?

Back 28

gastric bubble and DUODENAL bubble on AXR; seen w/duodenal obstruction (web, annular pancreas, malrotation w/volvulus, duodenal atresia, etc.)

Front 29

what is poland's syndrome?

Back 29

absence of pec major muscle, absence of pec minor muscle, often assoc w/ipsilateral hand malformation, nipple/breast/R-breast hypoplasia

Front 30

what is the tx of atypical mycobacterial lymph node infection?

Back 30

surgical removal of the node

Front 31

what is the most common cause of rectal bleeding in infants?

Back 31

anal fissure

Front 32

what chromosomal abnormality is assoc w/duodenal web/atresia/stenosis?

Back 32

trisomy 21

Front 33

which foreign body past the pylorus must be surgically removed?

Back 33

batteries

Front 34

what is the usual age of presentation for the following conditions: pyloric stenosis, intussusception, malrotation, appendicitis

Back 34

pyloric stenosis: 2 wks-2 mo.s. intussusception: 4 mo.s-2 yr.s (>80%). malrotation: birth-1 yr (>85%). appendicitis: >3 yr.s (but must be considered at any age)

Front 35

what is the usual age of presentation for the following conditions: wilms' tumor? neuroblastoma? hepatoblastoma?

Back 35

wilms tumor:1-5 yrs. neuroblastoma: ~50% by 2 yrs, ~80% by 8 yrs. hepatoblastoma: younger than 3 yr.s