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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What age group is toddlers?
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1-3 years old
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What are the weight changes in toddlers?
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weight gain slows to 4-6lbs/year
birth weight should be quadrupled by 2.5 years |
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What are the height changes in toddlers?
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height increase about 3in/year
growth is steplike rather than linear (associated with eating patterns) |
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What are the sensory changes in toddlers?
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Visual acuity of 20/40 acceptable by 4yo
Hearing, smell, taste, and touch increase in development and uses them to explore environment |
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What are common infections in toddlers?
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upper respiratory tract infections
Otitis media tonsillitis most systems are mature in toddlers |
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What are gross motor developments in toddlers?
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very active
Walks alone improved coordination @ 2-3 yo (walk up stairs, hop) |
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What are some fine motor skills in toddlers?
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improved manual dexterity: 12-15mo (can pick things up, but can't put down willfully)
Throws ball: 18 mo |
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What stage of psychosocial development are toddlers in?
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Developing autonomy
autonomy vs shame and doubt |
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What are some aspects to developing autonomy in toddlers?
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Negativism "no no no"
Ritualization - without this, they have little autonomy because they do not feel comfortable |
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What occurs in cognitive development for toddlers?
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Transition between self-satisfying behaviors & socialized relationships
Preconceptual thought - having an idea of what things are, but they are absolute Awareness of causal relationships between 2 events (they don't apply it to other situations though) Learns spacial relationships Imitation of behaviors (cursing) Domestic mimicry (vaccume) No concept of time (doesn't understand "just a min") |
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What type of play are toddlers involved in?
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parallel play - two children playing separately next to each other
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When does cognitive development begin?
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2 years old
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What is important for nurses to understand about spiritual development in toddlers?
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spiritual routines can be comforting
Religious teachings and moral development influence behavior Incorporate into hospital stay |
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What is important to understand about the development of body image in toddlers?
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should use correct name of body parts
avoid negative labels about physical appearance |
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What is important to understand about the development of sexuality in toddlers?
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Recognize sexual differences by age 2
Gender roles understood exploration of genitalia is common Playing house - role plays what they see at home |
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What social development occurs in toddlers?
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differentiation of self from mother and from significant others
Individuation |
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What is the level of language in toddlers?
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have increasing level of comprehension which is more important than the number of words
can form 3-4 word sentences |
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What are some behaviors in toddlers?
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Develop skills of independence
SKills of independence my result in temper tantrums (strong-willed, volatile behaviors, tyrannical) Skills include feeding, playing, dressing, and undressing self |
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WHat is important to understand when sibling rivalry occurs?
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don't take sides
allow them to solve it |
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How should temper tantrums be handled?
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ignore them unless injurious
stay with them to allow for control and security |
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What is important to understand about negativism in toddlers?
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if child says no and nurse proceeds, leads to mistrust
don't ask yes or no questions - give options |
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How can you deal with regressive behavior?
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don't introduce new learning
don't criticize the child |
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At what age do you have voluntary control of elimination?
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at 18-24 months you have sphincter control
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What are some tools to assess if the toddler is ready for toilet training?
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voluntary sphincter control
ability to stay dry for 2hrs fine motor skills to remove clothing willingness to please parents curiosity about adults or sibling's toilet habits impatience with wet or soiled diapers |
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What is important to understand about a toddler's nutrition?
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eat the same as adults
physiologic anorexia 1 tbsp of solid food per year old |
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How much sleep should a toddler get?
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10hrs with one nap
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What is important to know about dental health for toddlers?
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regular exams
watch toddler brushing low cariogenic diet - additives, sugar, bread (frequency is worse than amount) toothpaste ok @2years old floss done by parents |
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What injuries occur with toddlers?
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MVA
Drowning Burns (<120*) Aspiration Bodily damage (garage door, touching) Falls (screens don't prevent falling out of a window) |
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When can a child face forward in a car seat?
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at 20lbs or one year
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