Peds Shelf 2

Front 1

Common complications of pregnancy-induced HTN

Back 1

Neonatal hypoglycemia and polycythemia

(Decreased uteroplacental blood flow --> fetal nutritional deprivation/ hypoxemia --> decreased glycogen storage and relative erythrocytosis)

Front 2

Symptoms of "hyperviscosity syndrome" in newborns

Back 2

Tremulousness/jitteriness --> seizures due to sludging of blood in cerebral microcirculation

Front 3

Rx for hyperviscosity syndrome

Back 3

Parital exchange transfusion

Front 4

Common complication of postmature infants w/ chronic placental insufficiency (SGA and wasted appearance)

Back 4

Asphyxia and/or meconium aspiration

Front 5

Time frame of three types of conjunctivitis

Back 5

Chemical: 6-12hrs of birth, lasts for 1 day, self-limited

Gonococcal: 2-5d after birth

Chlamydial: 5-14d after birth

Front 6

Why are infants born to chlamydia-positive mothers not routinely treated with oral Abx?

Back 6

Increased incidence of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis among neonates having received erythromycin

Front 7

What is hyaline membrane disease?

Back 7

Infant respiratory distress syndrome

Front 8

Lung compliance, volume, and direction of blood shunt in infant respiratory distress syndrome

Back 8

Decreases, decreases, and right --> left (From PDA or PFO or in lungs)

Front 9

Most common TEF is

Back 9

Blind esophageal pouch (below it, distal esophagus is connected to the trachea)

Front 10

Teratogens: when is phenytoin dangerous

Back 10

1st trimester

Front 11

Teratogens: propanolol

Back 11

Growth retardation, decreased ability to increase HR and CO, hypoglycemia, apnea

Front 12

Bile stained vomitus indicates obstruction is where?

Back 12

Distal to ampulla of Vater

Front 13

Goat's milk contains inadequate ___ and ___

Back 13

Folate, iron

Front 14

Complications of cleft lip/ palate

Back 14

Recurrent otitis media, hearing loss, speech defects

Front 15

Which is repaired first, cleft lip or palate?

Back 15

Clef lip within 3mo, cleft palate btwn 6mo and 5 yrs

Front 16

Umbilical hernia, distended abdomen, large head/ fontanelles, hypothermia, feeding difficulties, constipation, jaundice

Back 16

Congenital hypothyroidism

Front 17

How long do babies with HIV+ moms receive zidovudine for?

Back 17

6 wks

Front 18

When is PCP prophylaxis started in HIV+ infants, and with what?

Back 18

6wks, Bactrim

Front 19

Weak cry, single umbilical artery, micrognathia, small pelvis, short sternum

Back 19

Edwards Syndrome (also rocker bottom feet and clenched hands w/ index and third fingers overlapping)

Front 20

Microcephaly, sloping forehead, scalp cutis aplasia (missing portion of skin and hair), microphthalmia, coloboma, omphalocele, single umbilical artery, hypersensitivity to atropine/ pilocarpine

Back 20

Patau Syndrome

Front 21

Another name for endocardial cushion defect?

Back 21

Complete AV canal

Front 22

Common lab finding in leukocyte adherence deficiency?

Back 22

Neutrophilia

Front 23

Rx for SCID

Back 23

BM transplant (otherwise death in first 12-24mo)

Front 24

Supplements needed in infants receiving goat's milk

Back 24

Folate, B12, iron

Front 25

Possible infection in babies receiving goat's milk

Back 25

Brucellosis

Front 26

FTT, bleeding problems, fontanelle fullness, hemolytic anemia

Back 26

Cystic fibrosis (last three are from deficiencies of vitamins K, A, and E, respectively)

Front 27

Type of formula used in galactosemia

Back 27

Soy-based

Front 28

Causes of rickets

Back 28

Inadequate vita D, liver failure, renal failure, primary hypophosphatemia

Front 29

How does liver failure lead to rickets

Back 29

Low bile salts --> decreased absorption of fat soluble vitamins

Front 30

Genetics of primary hypophosphatemia

Back 30

X-linked

Front 31

Lower extremity bowing with low Ca/ PO4

Back 31

Familial primary hypophosphatemia

Front 32

How to distinguish rickets from Schmid metaphyseal dysplasia

Back 32

Latter has normal Ca, PO4, and alk phos (alk phos almost always increased in rickets)

Front 33

Short, leg bowing, waddling gait, fractures, normal labs

Back 33

Schmid metaphyseal dysplasia

Front 34

Deficiencies: nightblindness, conjunctivitis, keratomalacia

Back 34

Vitamin A

Front 35

Deficiencies: hemolytic anemia in premature infants

Back 35

Vitamin E

Front 36

Deficiencies: hoarseness, anorexia, restlessness, aphonia

Back 36

Thiamine (Vita B1)

Front 37

Deficiencies: neuritis, edema, cardiac failure

Back 37

Vita B1 (is beriberi)

Front 38

Deficiencies: cheilosis, glossitis, corneal vascularization

Back 38

Riboflavin (Vita B2)

Front 39

Deficiencies: dermentia, dermatitis, diarrhea

Back 39

Niacin/ Vita B3 (is pellagra)

Front 40

Deficiencies: irritability, convulsions, anemia

Back 40

Pyridoxine/ Vita B6 (diff from presentations in adults)

Front 41

Deficiencies: depression, hypotension, muscle weakness, abd pain

Back 41

Pantothenic acid

Front 42

Deficiencies: dermatitis, seborrhea, anorexia, muscle pain, pallor, alopecia

Back 42

Biotin

Front 43

Excess: increased ICP, anorexia, hyperostosis (pain and swelling of long bones), alopecia, poor growth

Back 43

Vita A

Front 44

Excess: hypercalcemia, azotemia, N/V/D, calcinosis of tissues

Back 44

Vita D

Front 45

Excess: kidney stones

Back 45

Vita C

Front 46

Excess: flushing, pruritis

Back 46

Niacin

Front 47

Excess: sensory neuropathy

Back 47

Pyridoxine

Front 48

Intraventricular hemorrhage is often seen in these newborns and often leads to this complication

Back 48

Preterm

Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus

Front 49

Tacypnea, retractions, grunting, maybe cyanosis in a newborn

Back 49

Transient tachypnea of the newborn

Front 50

Maculopapular peeling rash, rhinitis, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, saddle nose, interstitial keratitis

Back 50

Congenital syphilis (also Hutchinson teeth, mulberry molars)

Front 51

Risks associated w/ maternal cocaine use

Back 51

Vascular accidents

Front 52

Causes of apnea in premature infants

Back 52

Idiopathic apnea

Front 53

Causes of apnea in term infants

Back 53

Sepsis, reflux, congenital heart disease, seizures, hypoglycemia, airway obstruction

Front 54

Signs of meningitis usually absent in neonates

Back 54

Nuchal rigidity, Kernig/ Brudzinski signs

Front 55

When to suspect twin-twin transfusion

Back 55

Difference in hematocrit > 15, difference in body weight > 20%

Front 56

Donor twin presentation in twin-twin transfusion

Back 56

Oligohydramnios, anemia, hypovolemia, maybe shock

Front 57

Recipient twin presentation in twin-twin transfusion

Back 57

Hydramnios, plethora, hyperviscosity, respiratory distress, hyperbili, hypocalcemia, renal vein thrombosis, CHF, convulsions

Front 58

Hydramnios refers to

Back 58

Polyhydramnios

Front 59

4 conditions associated w/ polyhydramnios

Back 59

Duodenal atresia, TEF, trisomy 18, anencephaly

Front 60

Congenital infections: cataracts, IUGR, myocarditis, macular rash, structural heart defects

Back 60

Rubella

Front 61

Congenital infections: hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis, intracranial calcifications

Back 61

Toxoplasmosis

Front 62

Congenital infections: IUGR, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, petechiae, intracranial calcifications, hearing loss

Back 62

CMV

Front 63

Most common congenital infection

Back 63

CMV

Front 64

Dysmorphic child, bilateral renal agenesis, primary pulmonary hypoplasia

Back 64

Potter sequence/ oligohydramnios

Front 65

Aniridia is associated w/

Back 65

Wilms tumor

Front 66

Lateral displacement of medial canthia, broad nasal brige, medial hyperplasia of eyebrows, partial albinism, deafness

Back 66

Waardenburg syndrome

Front 67

Complications of Sturge-Weber

Back 67

Vascular malformation in trigeminal nerve distribution, grand mal seizures, mental deficiency, hemiparesis or hemianopsia

Front 68

Inheritance of tuberous sclerosis

Back 68

AD

Front 69

Soft tissue swelling of scalp involving delivery portion of heart that is ecchymotic

Back 69

Caput succedaneum (self resolves)

Front 70

Difference between caput succedaneum and cephalohematomas)

Back 70

Latter doesn't cross suture lines

Front 71

Fever, muscle rigidity, metabolic and respiratory acidosis, tachycardia, arrhythmia, tachypnea, cyanosis, myoglobinuria, elevated CK, ARF

Back 71

Malignant hyperthermia

Front 72

Inheritance of malignant hyperthermia and what the gene codes for

Back 72

AD
Ryanodine receptor (calcium release channel)

Front 73

Fever, emesis, multiple sclerosis type MRI

Back 73

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

Front 74

Rx for ADEM

Back 74

High-dose corticosteroids

Front 75

Poor growth, arachnodactyly, osteoporosis, dislocated lenses, mental retardation, thromboembolism

Back 75

Homocystinuria (thromboemboli can cause acute infantile hemiplegia)

Front 76

Very large head in normal newborn

Back 76

Simple primary craniosynostosis (rx: surgery)

Front 77

Seizure activity with no epileptiform activity on EEG

Back 77

Pseudoseizure

Front 78

Differences between pseudoseizure and seizure on exam

Back 78

Pseudoseizure: no loss of bowel/bladder control, no self-injury, normal pupillary response to light

Front 79

What is Todd paralysis?

Back 79

Paralysis after focal or Jacksonian seizure; lasts 24-48hrs

Front 80

Macular cherry red spots, developmental deterioration and sensitivity to noise

Back 80

Tay Sachs disease

Front 81

Enzyme absent in Tay Sachs

Back 81

Beta-hexosaminidase A

Front 82

Beta-glucosidase deficiency --> increased tone, strabismus, organomegaly, FTT, stridor, psychomotor regression

Back 82

Gaucher disease

Front 83

Beta-galactosidase --> angiokeratomas in bathing suit area + severe pain

Back 83

Fabry disease

Front 84

Galactocerebroside beta-galactosidase deficiency --> irritability, seizures, hypertonia, optic atrophy

Back 84

Krabbe disease

Front 85

Sphingomyelinase deficiency --> hepatosplenomegaly, LAD, psychomotor retardation w/in first 6mo

Back 85

Niemann-Pick disease

Front 86

Psychomotor retardation, ptosis, baldness, hypogonadism, facial immobility, neonatal respiratory distress, cataracts

Back 86

Myotonic muscular dystophy

Front 87

Difference btwn myotonic muscular dystrophy and other myopathies

Back 87

Distal muscle weakness (instead of proximal)

Front 88

Two things that can terminate migraine headaches

Back 88

Vomiting or sleep

Front 89

Three causes of CSF lymphocytosis with elevated protein and low glucose

Back 89

TB meninigitis, viral meninigitis, meningeal leukemia, and medulloblastoma

Front 90

Cranial nerve abnormalities, unsteady gait 2/2 spasticity, behavioral changes, UMN signs

Back 90

Pontine glioma

Front 91

Brain abscess are more commonly seen in patients with

Back 91

Cardiac defects that have R --> L shunts associated

Front 92

When are spinal taps contraindicated?

Back 92

Increasing intracranial pressure

Front 93

Unilateral pupillary dilation, hemiplegia, focal seizures, depressed conciousness after a fall

Back 93

Epidural hematoma

Front 94

3 components of Cushing's triad for increasing ICP

Back 94

Increasing BP, decreasing HR, irregular respiration

Front 95

Tumor causing poor growth, diabetes inspidus, papilledema

Back 95

Craniopharyngioma

Front 96

Acute ataxia in kids

Back 96

Infection or drug intoxication (others would be more chronic)

Front 97

Most common tumors in kids 1-10yo (vs. <1 or >10)

Back 97

Infratentorial (posterior fossa: cerebellar and brainstem) vs. supratentorial

Front 98

Storage diseases: acroparesthesia, intermittent painful crises of extremities or abdomen, cataracts

Back 98

Fabry disease (deficiency of alpha-galactosidase)

Front 99

Girl who has lost the use of her hands and ability to communicate/socialize

Back 99

Rett syndrome

Front 100

Storage diseases: progressive ataxia, weakness, progressive ataxia, gray macular lesions

Back 100

Metachromatic leukodystrophy (deficient activity of galactosyl-3-sulfate-ceramide sulfatase)