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217 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which drugs are Tetracyclines?
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Tetracycline
Doxycycline Minocycline |
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What is the MOA of Tetracyclines?
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Blocking the binding of transfer RNA to the mRNA ribosome complex. Inhibits protein synthesis at the 30S ribosome
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What is the MOA of resistance to Tetracyclines?
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Decreased permeability of the cell surface as the result of mutation. Use of these drugs is limited by the quick development of resistance.
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T or F: Tetracyclines are well absorbed PO.
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False, they are poorly absorbed PO.
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How is Tetracycline (the drug) eliminated?
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Renal
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How is Doxy eliminated?
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Biliary
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Why do Doxy and Mino penetrate tissues better than Tetra?
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Because they are more lipid soluble.
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What are the common uses of Tetracylines?
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Atypical pneumonia
Chlamydia Lyme Disease (Doxy) Plague Anthrax Rickettsia Parasites Spirochetes Actinomycetes |
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Do Tetracyclines work against gram neg or gram pos bacteria?
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Both
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What are the adverse reactions to Tetracyclines?
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GI complaints
Photosensitivity Hepatotoxicity Teeth discoloration Bone breakdown |
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What are the drug interactions of Tetracyclines?
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Iron
Calcium Antacids Sucralfate Digoxin Food |
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Why are Tetracyclines contraindicated in kids under 8?
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Because it causes tooth discoloration
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What class of drug is Linezolid?
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Oxazolidinone
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What is the MOA of Linezolid?
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Inhibits protein synthesis via binding at the 50S ribosome
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What is the MOA of resistance to Linezolid?
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Alteration of a ribosomal subunit
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What are the common uses of Linezolid?
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Gram +
MRSA/MRSE VRE VISA Beta lactam and Vanc resistant S. pneumo CAP, VAP, nosocomial pneumonias Staph/strep skin infections |
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How can Linezolid be administered?
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IV or PO. Excellent PO absorption
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How is Linezolid eliminated?
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Liver metabolism only
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Which drug is good to give with pneumonia when transition to oral therapy?
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Linezolid
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What are the adverse reactions to Linezolid?
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Myelosuppression
Peripheral neuropathies |
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What are the drug interactions of Linezolid?
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MAOIs
SSRIs Tramadol |
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What is Polymixin B?
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A polypeptide abx
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What is the MOA of Polymixin B?
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Cationic molecules compete and displace Ca and Mg causing a local disturbance of the cell membrane, increased cell permeability, leakage of cell contents and cell lysis
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What is Polymixin B commonly used for?
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Pseudomonal UTI, meningitis, bloodstream infections, eye infections
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What bacteria does Polymixin B work against?
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Aerobacter
H influenza E coli Klebsiella |
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Which drugs are Streptogramins?
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Quinupristin
Dalfopristin |
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What is the MOA of Streptogramins?
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Inhibit protein synthesis by binding at the 50S ribosome
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What is the MOA of resistance for Quinupristin?
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Alteration of target ribosome
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What is the MOA of resistance for Dalfopristin?
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Enzymatic inactivation and active efflux
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Are streptogramins commonly used?
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No
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What are the common uses of Streptogramins?
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Gram +
MRSA VREF VISA Beta lactam resistance Spneumo |
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What are the adverse reactions of Streptogramins?
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Arthralgias
Myalgias Local venous effects Phlebitis Increased bilirubin GI: Cdiff |
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What are the drug interactions with Streptogramins?
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Concomitant therapy with CYP3A4 substrates may cause QT prolongation (NNRTIs, protease inhibitors, HMG-Coa Reductase inhibitors, cyclosporin, Tacro)
Increased plasma concentrations of carbamazepine, disopyramide, lidocaine or quinidine |
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What are the common uses of Tigecycline?
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Complicated skin/skin structure infections
S. aureus (MSSA and MRSA) Strep Bacteroids fragilis Complicated intra-abdmonical infections |
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What are the adverse effects of Tigecycline?
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Adjustments needed for hepatic impairment
Same as Tetracycline |
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Who can use Tigecycline?
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Adults and adolescents
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What is the MOA of Sulfas?
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Inhibit growth of bacteria by inhibiting the growth of susceptible bacteria by preventing bacterial synthesis of folic acid
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What is the combo drug of Sulfa?
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Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim = Bactrim
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What is the MOA of resistance to Sulfa?
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Enzyme mutation
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What are the indications for Sulfa?
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Broad spectrum, can be used against gram pos and neg
Good at tx kidney infections |
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What organisms are susceptible to Sulfa?
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Enterobacter
Ecoli Klebsiella Proteus |
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Do Sulfas penetrate the CNS well?
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Yes but are not first line tx for meningitis
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Why can't newborns with high bilirubin take Sulfa?
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Because Sulfa is highly protein bound to albumin
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Do Sulfas reach a high concentration in the kidneys?
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Yes, that's why they are good at treating kidney infections
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What are the common uses of Sulfas?
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UTI, prostatitis
PCP pneumonia GI infections (Salmonella, Travelers diarrhea) Stenotrophomonas HIV pts w/pneumocystis carinii |
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What are the adverse reactions to Sulfas?
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Hypersensitivity
Bone marrow suppression Hepatotoxicity Renal impairment Cutaneous reactions most common (Stevens Johns and toxic epidermal necrolysis) Photosensitivity |
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What should be done at the first sight of a skin rash in a patient taking a Sulfa?
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Meds should be discontinued
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What are the contraindications to giving a Sulfa?
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Allergy
Pregnancy Younger than 2mos |
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T or F: Sulfa use with a CYP3A4 substrate may cause QT prolongation
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True
NNRTIs, Protease Inhibitors HMG Coa Reductase Inhibitors Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus |
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Sulfa may cause increased plasma concentrations of which drugs?
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Carbamazepine, Disopyramide, Lidocaine and Quinidine
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T or F: Sulfa is a major inhibitor of CYP2C9
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True
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Which drugs will have increased levels/toxicity when used with Sulfas?
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Methotrexate
Warfarin Phenytoin Sertraline Fluoxetine |
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Using Sulfa with Cyclosporine may cause....
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Nephrotoxicity
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The effects of SMX (Sulfa) may be decreased by...
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CYP2C9 Inducers
Carbamezpine Phenobarbital Phenytoin Rifampin |
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Metronidazole is used for what type of bacteria?
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Anerobic
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What is the MOA of Metro?
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Undergoes intracellular reduction and then interacts with DNA to cause a loss of helical structure and strand breakage. Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis results and cell dies.
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What is the spectrum of action for Metro?
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Anerobic bacteria
Clostridium species Trichomonas Protozoa Gardnerella |
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What is the gold standard for treating Cdiff?
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Metronidazole, can give IV or PO
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What are the common uses of Metro?
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Cdiff
Anerobic infections Aspiration Abscesses Vaginosis, Trich, Amebiasis |
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What are the drug interaction with Metro?
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Neurotoxics
Phenobarb (increases metabolism of Metro) Phenytoin (Metro decreases metabolism of Pheny) |
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Can you get wasted while taking Metro?
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No, there's a true drug interaction
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What are the adverse effects of Metro?
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CNS: headache, seizure, ataxia, peripheral neuropathy
Disulfiram reaction with alcohol GI: NVD, metallic taste GU: dark urine |
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Is Daptomycin commonly used in Peds?
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No, only for resistant bugs because the drug is very new
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What is the MOA of Daptomycin?
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Binds to bacterial membrane causing the loss of membrane potential
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What are the common uses of Daptomycin?
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Gram +
MRSA, VRE, VISA, Spneumo Alternative to Linezolid, Quinupristin and Dalfopristin Complicated skin infections NOT indicated for pneumonia |
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Is Daptomycin given outpatient
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NO
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What are the adverse effects of Daptomycin?
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Myopathy
Peripheral neuropathy NVD Constipation Dizziness Insomnia |
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What is the most common cause of tinea capitis and tinea corporis in children?
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Trichophyton tonsurans
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What type of therapy is used for ringworm of the scalp, nails, palms or soles?
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Systemic antifungals
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When are topical antifungals used?
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For fissured or interriginous areas
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What does Tolnaftate have activity against?
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Dermatophytes
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What is the MOA of Nystatin?
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Binds to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane and causes changes in the permeability and eventually cell lysis
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What is Nystain used to treat?
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Oral, mucosal and cutaneous Candida
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Is Nystatin well tolerated?
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Yes, because there is no significant systemic absorption
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Is Nystatin effective against dermatophytes?
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No
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What is the MOA for Azoles?
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Inhibit ergosterol synthesis in the fungal cell membrane
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What can Clotrimazole be used to treat?
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Has broad spectrum coverage against Candida.
Dermatophytes: T tonsurans, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis, Malassezia furfur |
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What can Miconazole be used to treat?
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Same as Clotrimazole. Is better at treating superficial Candida than Nystatin
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What is the dosing of Miconazole?
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Once daily application
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What is the spectrum of activity of Ketoconazole?
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Dermatomycoses caused by Candida species, T rubrum, T mentagrophytes, E Floccosum and M furfur
In vitro activity against T Tonsurans and Microsporum |
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What is the MOA of Griseofulvin?
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Disrupts fungal cell mitotic spindle structure by inhibiting cell mitosis at metaphase
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What are the indications for Griseofulvin?
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Tinea capitis - daily for 6 to 8 weeks
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What is the spectrum of activity for Griseofulvin?
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Fungistatic against Trichophyton, E floccosum and Microsporum
Not active against Candida or M fufur |
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What are the adverse reactions to Griseofulvin?
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Hypersensitivity rash
Urticaria NVD Headache Fatigue Proteinuria Leukopenia Elevated serum hepatic enzymes |
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What are the drug interactions of Griseofulvin?
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Will decrease the effectiveness of anticoagulants and contraceptives
Phenobarb may decrease Griseofulvins effects |
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What is the MOA of Terbinafine?
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Inhibits squalene epoxidase and enzyme in the pathway leading to the synthesis of ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane
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What is the spectrum of Terbinafine?
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Active against most of the common dermatophytes: Trichophyton tinea capitis
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What is the gold standard for treating systemic Candida?
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Amphotericin B
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What is the MOA of Amphotericin B?
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Binds to ergosterol altering the cell membrane permeability in susceptible fungi causing leakage of cell contents and death
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What are the clinical uses of Amphotericin B?
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Candidiasis, Cryptococcal meningitis, mucormycosis, invasive aspergillosis
Empiric therapy in pts with neutropenic fever Intrathecally for coccidiodal meningitis Intraocular for fungal endophthalmitis Bladder irrigation for fungal cystitis Oral suspension for oropharyngeal/esophageal candidiasis |
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What are the 4 formulations of Amphotericin B?
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Deoxycholate amphotericin B
Amphotericin B Colloidal Dispersion Amphotericin B Lipid Complex Liposomal Amphotericin B |
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What are the adverse effects of Amphotericin B?
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Nephrotoxicity (some formulations are worse than others but all formulations will eventually be)
Infusion related toxicity Electrolyte abnormalities (K loss) Cost |
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What is the MOA of Flucytosine?
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Interferes with DNA synthesis
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What is the MOA of resistance to Flucytosine?
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The loss of the permease that is necessary for the cytosine transport.
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Is it common to develop resistance to Flucytosine?
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Yes, very common, especially during monotherapy so it is not commonly used
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What is the spectrum of activity for Flucytosine?
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Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida and Chromomycoses
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What are the adverse reactions to Flucytosine?
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Bone marrow suppression
GI: NVD |
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What are the clinical uses of Flucytosine?
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Not many. Usually used with AmphB for cryptococcal, candida and chromomycoses.
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What is the MOA of Azoles?
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Inhibits the p450 mediated step, decreases ergosterol synthesis
In candida it inhibits transformation from blastopores into mycelial form Alters testosterone synthesis |
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What should you give to a pt w/yeast infection not responding to topical antifungals?
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Fluconazole
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What should you give to a baby with resistant thrust, not responding to Nystatin?
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Fluconazole
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What is the MOA of Fluconazole?
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Interferes with fungal CYP 450 activity decreasing ergosterol synthesis and inhibiting cell membrane function
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What are the adverse effects of Fluconazole?
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Nausea
Headache Rash Abdominal Pain Vomiting Diarrhea |
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What drugs should be used with caution in pts on Fluconazole?
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Cyclosporin, Warfarin, Phenytoin and Rifampin
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What are the indications for Fluconazole use?
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Disseminated candidiasis
Candidemia, Candidiasis and Coccidioidomycosis Infections by susceptible Candida Initial tx and maintenance of crytococcal meningitis in HIV pts Fungal prophylaxis in neutropenic pts Coccioidomycosis |
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Does Ketoconazole penetrate the CNS?
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No
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Which formulation of Ketoconazole is most commonly used?
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Topical
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Why has Ketoconazole been largely replaced by Itraconazole?
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Because it's spectrum and uses are very narrow
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What is the MOA of Itraconazole?
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Inhibits fungal ergosterol biosynthesis
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Which formulation of Itraconazole has the highest bioavailability?
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The oral solution (it's much higher than the capsules)
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What can you give you a Candida that is resistant to Fluconazole?
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Itraconazole
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What are the drawbacks of using Itraconazole?
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Bad taste
W/capsules take a long time to achieve high plasma levels Severe paralytic ileus Negative ionotropic effect Thrombophlebitis Hepatotoxicity GI disturbances |
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What is the spectrum of activity for Itraconazole?
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Blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, coccidiodomycosis, paracoccidiodomycosis, sporotrichosis, ringworm, tinea versicolor and aspergillosis
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What are the indications for Itraconazole?
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Sporotrichosis
Prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients Tx of pulmonary and extrapulmonary blastomycosis Histoplasmosis Pulmonary aspergillosis Empiric for neutropenic fever |
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What is the 2nd line treatment for tinea capitis?
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Itraconazole, even though it's not well tolerated
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What is the MOA for Voriconazole?
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High affinity to inhibit fungal ergosterol biosynthesis
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What is the spectrum of activity of Voriconazole?
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Very broad spectrum.
Candida (inc. those with Fluconazole resistance) Aspergillus Fusarium Cryptococcus Blastomyces dermatidis Coccidoids immitis Histoplasma capsulatum |
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When should you instruct a patient to take Voriconazole?
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On an empty stomach
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T of F: Voriconazole has poor CNS penetraion
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False, has good CNS penetration
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What are the drug interactions with Voriconazole?
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CYP2C9, CYP3A4 and CYP2C19
Contraindicated with Rifampin, Carbamazepine and Barbituates Caution with dilantin and HAART |
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Can you give Voriconazole to a pt with renal disease?
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Yes, but they should be monitored because it accumulates in the kidneys.
Not recommended for CrCl less that 50 |
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What are the adverse effects of Voriconazole?
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Transient dose related visual disturbances
Increase LFT's Nephrotoxicity Infusion related reactions Photosensitivity Rash |
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How does Voriconazole compare to Lipsomal Amphotericin B?
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Less infusion related toxicity
Less nephrotoxic Increased therapeutic response Increased survival Fewer breakthroughs of invasive fungal infections |
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What are the clinical uses of Voriconazole?
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Invasive aspergillosis
Candida resistant to Fluconazole Pseudoallescheria Scedosporium Fusarium Empiric therapy with neutropenic fever Disseminated skin infections |
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What is the MOA of Caspofungin?
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Works at fungal cell wall by inhibiting 1,3 beta-glucan synthesis
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How can you administer Caspofungin?
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IV only
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What does Caspofungin have activity against?
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Candida, Aspergillus and Pneumocystis
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What are the adverse effects of Caspofungin?
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Clinical hepatic abnormalities
Increased LFTs Renal toxicity Hypokalemia Infusion related reactions Flushing Facial edema Flu-like symptoms |
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What are the clinical indications for Caspofungin use?
|
Esophagel candidiasis
Empiric therapy for neutropenic patients Invasive candidiasis Aspergillosis if intolerant of other antifungal drugs Candida that is azole or amphotericin resistant Intra-abdominal abscesses Peritonitis Pleural space infections |
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What are the combinations that Caspofungin can be used in?
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Can be used with Amphotericin or Voriconazole in treating severe invasive fungal infections
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What fungi are Micafungin active against?
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Most Candida strains
Aspergillus Pneumocystis |
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What is Micafungin approved for the treatment of?
|
Candida esophagitis
Fungal prophylaxis in SCT pts |
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Is combination therapy in treating fungus effective?
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Maybe
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What's the best treatment for Aspergillus?
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Amphotericin B
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If Amphotericin B fails to treat Candida, what should you try?
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Caspofungin
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Can Voriconazole be given PO?
|
Yes but it has many side effects and drug to drug interactions
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If you really want to do combo therapy in treating a fungus, what should you use?
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Amphotericin + either azole or caspofungin
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Which drugs are known to help with the flu?
|
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or Relenza
|
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What are the uses of Tamiflu and Relenza?
|
Active against influenza virus types A and B
Shown to reduce the duration of influenza by a few days |
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What is HSV Type 1
|
Cold sore
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What is HSV Type 2
|
Genital Herpes
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What is HSV Type 3
|
Chicken pox or shingles
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What is HSV Type 4
|
Epstein Barr Virus
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What is HSV Type 5?
|
CMV
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What's the generic name for herpes drugs?
|
Acyclovir
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What is the action of Acyclovir?
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Interferes with DNA synthesis
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What are the therapeutic effects of Acyclovir?
|
Inhibition of viral replication, decreased viral shedding and reduced time for healing of lesions
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What routes of Acyclovir are available?
|
Topical, IV and PO are available but PO and IV work best
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When should Acyclovir be initiated in treatment?
|
Within 24 hours
|
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What are the most common bacterial pathogens in newborns with meningitis?
|
Strep agalactiae
Ecoli Listeria monocytogenes Klebsiella |
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What's the abx therapy for meningitis in a newborn?
|
Amp + AG
Amp + 3rd Gen Ceph Amp + AG + 3rd Gen Ceph |
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What are the most common bacterial pathogens in 1-3mos with meningitis?
|
GBS
Gram - bacilli S pneumoniae N meningitidis |
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What's the abx therapy for meningitis treatment in 1mo to 3 years?
|
Vancomycin + 3rd Generation Ceph
Meropenem is potential alternative |
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What are the most common bacterial pathogens in children 3mos to 3yrs with meningitis?
|
S pneumoniae
N meningitis GBS |
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What are the most common bacterial pathogens in kids 3-10 yrs with meningitis?
|
S pneumoniae
N meningitidis |
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What's the treatment for meningitis in 3-10 yr olds?
|
Vancomycin + 3rd Generation Ceph
|
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What are the most common bacterial pathogens in kids 10-19 yrs with meningitis?
|
N meningitidis
S pneumoniae H influenza |
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What the treatment for meningitis in kids 10-19 yrs?
|
Vancomycin + 3rd generation Ceph
|
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When dosing for meningitis treatment how should you dose if you have a range?
|
At the highest level possible
|
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Why might steroids by useful in the treatment of meningitis?
|
May minimize hearing loss if started before abx started.
Very controversial |
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What type of meningitis might benefit from a steroid being given?
|
HIB
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When should you initiate Abx therapy with suspected meningitis?
|
ASAP
Should not wait for results from micro lab |
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Necessary Abx properties for meningitis treatment?
|
Excellent CSF penetration
Bactericidal activity |
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When a meningitis culture comes back with S pneumoniae, what should you give?
|
PCN G or Amp
3rd Generation Ceph Vancomycin + 3rd Generation Ceph |
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When a meningitis culture comes back with H influenzae, what should you give?
|
Amp
3rd Generation Ceph 3rd Generation Ceph + Meropenem |
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When a meningitis culture comes back with N meningitis, what should you give?
|
Pen G or Amp
3rd Generation Ceph |
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When a Gram stain of meningitis is postive diplococci, what should you give?
|
Vancomycin + 3rd Generation Ceph
|
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When a gram stain of meningitis is negative diplococci, what should you give?
|
Pen G or a 3rd Generation Ceph
|
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When a gram stain for meningitis comes back positive for bacilli, what should you give?
|
Amp + AG
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When a gram stain for meningitis comes back negative for bacilli, what should you give?
|
3rd Generation Ceph + AG
|
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|
What percent of Otitis media cases resolve on their own during the observation period?
|
70%
|
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What are the common causes of Otitis Media?
|
Allergic: fall and winter seasonal allergies
Viral: RSV, Influenza A and B and Adenovirus |
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What are the common bacterial pathogens associated with Otitis Media?
|
Strep pneumonia
Non-typable H influenzae Moxarella Catarrhalis |
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What is the empiric initial treatment for Otitis Media?
|
Amox at a high dose for 10 days
|
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For pts with a treatment failure of Amox with Otitis Media, what can be given?
|
High dose Amox + clav
Cefdinir Cefpodoxime Cefuroxime Ceftriaxone |
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Which Cephs can be used for Otitis Media if the pt is allergic to PCN?
|
Cefdinir
Cefuroxime Cefpodoxime Ceftriaxone |
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What can be used to treat Otitis Media if the pt has a severe PCN allergy?
|
A Macrolide!!
Erythromycin Clarithromycin Azithromycin |
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How long is the observation period before you should start treating Otitis Media?
|
48-72 hours
|
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What is the criteria for deferring treatment for Otitis Media?
|
Children 6mos to 2yrs with uncertain diagnosis
Children older than 2yrs with uncomplicated, nonsevere AOM |
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What are the most common bacterial organisms for Pneumonia?
|
Strep pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Chlamydia pneumoniae H Influenza Moraxella catarrhalis Legionella pneumophilia Pseudomonas aeruginosa Anerobes |
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What are the most common bacteria responsible for Pneumonia in less than 1mo?
|
GBS
Listeria S aureus |
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What's the tx for Pneumonia in a pt under 1 month?
|
Amp + Gent and maybe Cefotaxime
Add Vanco if MRSA is suspected Add a Macrolide if Chlamydia is suspected |
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What are the most common bacteria responsible for Pneumonia in 1-3mo?
|
Strep pneumonia
Chlamydia S aureus |
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What is the common tx for Pneumonia in a 1-3mo?
|
Outpatient: Macrolide
Inpatient: Macrolide or 3rd Generation Ceph |
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What are the most common bacterial pathogens causing Pneumonia in 4mos-6yrs?
|
Strep pneumo
HFlu Mycoplasma |
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What is the treatment for Pneumonia in pts 4mos to 6yrs?
|
Outpatient: Amp, Amox
Inpatient: 3rd Generation Ceph |
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What are the most common bacterial pathogens causing Pneumonia in kids older than 6?
|
Strep pneumo
Mycoplasma Chlamydia |
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What is the most common treatment for Pneumonia in children older than 6?
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Outpatient: Amox + Clarithromycin or Doxycycline
Inpatient: Ceftriaxone + Azithromycin |
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What is the empiric therapy for Community Acquired Pneumonia in the ICU?
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Cefotaxime and Azithromycin
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What is the empiric therapy for Hospital Acquired Pneumonia in the ICU?
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Zosyn, Tobramycin and Bactrim
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What is the first line therapy for presumbed bacterial pneumonia in all age groups?
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High dose Amox
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What should be given to school aged and adolescents w/illness consistent with atypical pneumonia?
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Macrolide (Azithromycin)
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Fully immunized children who are hospitalized with pneumonia should get what?
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Amp or PCN G is first line
Azithromycin is atypical is suspected Vancomycin or Clindamycin should be added if S aureus is suspected |
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If a not fully immunized child is hospitalized for Pneumonia, what should they get?
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Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxmine is preferred
Add Azithro if atypical is suspected Add Vanc or Clinda if S Aureus is suspected |
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Are most cases of Pharyngitis bacterial or viral?
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Viral
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When is the only time you can give a patient antimicrobial therapy with Pharyngitis?
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When you have identified Group A strep
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What it is the drug of choice for treating Group A strep pharyngitis?
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PCN
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What drug is actually given usually for Group A strep?
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Amox
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How do you dx sinusitis?
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Presence of nasal discharge for 10 to 14 days without evidence of getting better with fever.
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What is the first line tx for sinusitis?
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Amox
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When does nonspecific cough illness/bronchitis warrant treatment in children?
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NEVER
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What are the common community acquired bacteria that cause peritonitis?
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Ecoli
K pneumonia S pneumonia Strep species Enterococci Anerobes |
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What is the empiric tx for community acquired peritonitis?
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Unasyn or Levaquin
+ Flagyl |
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What are the common hospital acquired bacteria that cause peritonitis?
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All those that cause community acquired plus Serratia and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
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What is the treatment for hospital acquired peritonitis?
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Zosyn or Levaquin
+ Flagyl or Meropenem alone |
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Which drugs have the highest cure rates for UTI's?
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SMX/TMP
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When prescribing SMX/TMP, what should you dose by?
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The Trimethoprim
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Why are Cephs not the greatest ever at treating UTI?
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Because they are effective against bacilli but are not effective against enterococci
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What is the empiric therapy for cellulitis/trauma/bite?
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Oxacillin with or without Clindamycin or Unasyn
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What is the empiric therapy for a serious limb threatening infection or wound infection?
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Zosyn and Vanc
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What is the most common bacterial cause of osteomyelitis in under 3 yrs?
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S aureus
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What is the abx of choice for osteomyelitis in kids under 3?
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Nafcillin or Cefazolin or Clindamycin
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What's the most common bacterial cause of osteomyelitis in kids older than 3?
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S aureus
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What's the treatment of choice for osteomyelitis in kids older than 3?
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Nafcillin + Cefotaxime or Ceftriaxone or Cefuroxime
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What are the most common bacteria causing osteomyelitis in neonates?
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S aureus
GBS Enteric Gram Neg bacilli |
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What is the treatment of osteomyelitis in neonates?
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Nafcillin + Gentamicin or Cefotaxime
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What covers S aureus?
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Semi synthetic PCN (Nafcillin or Oxacillin)
1st Generation Ceph 2nd Generation Ceph Clindamycin/Vanc |
