Peds Neuro, Cerebral

Front 1

is a continuous stream of slow, sinuous, writhing movements, typically of the hands and feet.

Back 1

athetosis

Front 2

meaning "behind" and tonos meaning "tension", is a state of a severe hyperextension and spasticity in which an individual's head, neck and spinal column enter into a complete "bridging" or "arching" position. This abnormal posturing is an extrapyramidal effect and is caused by spasm of the axial muscles along the spinal column.

Back 2

opisthotonic/opisthotonos

Front 3

is optic disc swelling that is caused by increased intracranial pressure. The swelling is usually bilateral and can occur over a period of hours to weeks

Back 3

papilledema,

Front 4

is a condition in which the eyes are not properly aligned with each other.[2] It typically involves a lack of coordination between the extraocular muscles that prevents bringing the gaze of each eye to the same point in space and preventing proper binocular vision, which may adversely affect depth perception

Back 4

strabismus

Front 5

Not a disease, syndrome from impaired circulation & abs of CSF, congenital, enlarged ventricles

Back 5

Hydrocephalus

Front 6

Infants- head grows at abnormal rate, 1st sign- bulging fontanel, dilated scalp veins, irritable, lethargic, feeds poorly, opisthotonos, lower extremity spasticity, chiari r/t brainstem compression; child- HA on awakening w improvement, emesis, papilledema, strabismus, chiari r/t spinal cord dysfxn

Back 6

Hydrocephalus

Front 7

Surgical V-P shunt for mgmt (drains fluids), change as child grows
Relieve ventricular pressure, tx cause ventriculomegaly, tx assoc complications, mgmt problems r/t psychomotor devel

Back 7

Hydrocephalus

Front 8

Pre/post-op: lay on opposite side, skin care, place flat, supine, gradually raise HOB, prevent vomit (ICP), nutritional support
Daily head circumference, palpate fontanel & sutures, watch alt consciousness

Back 8

Hydrocephalus

Front 9

Inflammation of meninges, viral/bacterial, bacteremia in subarachnoid space, WBC accumulate, if spreads to ventricleshydrocephalus

Back 9

Meningitis

Front 10

HA, photophobic(sensitivity to light)
Infants- flat/bulging fontanel, fever, change in feeding pattern, V/D, alert, restless, irritable
Children- confusion, irritable, lethargic, vomit, muscle/joint pain; opisthotonic position w neck & head hyperextend

Back 10

Meningitis

Front 11

Lumbar puncture- look for WBC, protein, glucose in CSF
CBC
Electrolytes/ osmolality
Blood cultures

Back 11

Meningitis

Front 12

Reduce inc ICP- dexamethasone
Control seizures w meds

Back 12

Meningitis

Front 13

Isolation, initiate Abx, maintain hydration & ventilation, make room dark, blanket over eyes, min noise in room, mgmt shock, control temp, treat complications, * know when antimicrobial therapy is started

Back 13

Meningitis

Front 14

Abnormal electrical d/c in brain caused by many things; 2+ seizures; caused byspontaneous electrical discharges initiated by hyperexcitable cells Partial (Focal)- 1 part, Generalized- diffuse, all over, symmetrical;
Febrile- quick temp 102, status epilepticus- cont >30min

Back 14

Seizure

Front 15

Involuntary mvmts, behavior & sensory alt, some have aura, cyanosis, hypoglycemic

Back 15

Seizure

Front 16

Inc BMRmetabolic, EEG
1. determine whether epilepsy/ seizures exist & 2 define underlying cause

Back 16

Seizure

Front 17

Status epilepticus- lorazepam & diazepam; maintain airway, ensure safety, admin med
Teach caregivers appropriate interventions during seizure, emphasize antiepileptic therapy- admin & scheduling, help family cope

Back 17

Seizure

Front 18

Disorder of mvmt posture, result of non-progressive abnormality of brain, occurs pre-natally or after birth; class based on where at in brain; most d/t abnormality or insult to CNS, infection in utero

Back 18

Cerebral Palsy

Front 19

Hypotonia, hypertonia- rigidiity/ spasticity, athetosis- invol wirithing motions, ataxia, delayed gross motor devel, abnormal motor performance, alt in muscle tone, abnormal postures

Back 19

Cerebral Palsy

Front 20

MRI; metabolic & genetic testing if no structural abnormality identified; asymmetric tonic reflex, Moro reflex >4mo, crossed extensor reflex

Back 20

Cerebral Palsy

Front 21

Baclofen- admin intrafecally to help w spasms; Robenol for in secretions; Anti-seizure meds;
Goals: early rec & promotion optimum decal course, est locomotion, communication, & self help, optimum appearance & fxn, correct assoc defects, promote socialization

Back 21

Cerebral Palsy

Front 22

Reinforce therapeutic plan, assist in normalization, address health maintenance needs, support family, support hospitalized child

Back 22

Cerebral Palsy

Front 23

Mildest form neural tube defect, midline vertebrae; no protrusion of spinal cord or meninges, asymptomatic, may have tuft of hair on small of back; r/t pregnancy w/o folic acid vit

Back 23

Spina Bifida

Front 24

Defect apparent on inspection, except occulta; sensory disturbances, motor dysfunction, defective nerve supply to bladder, poor anal sphincter tone

Back 24

Spina Bifida

Front 25

Prenatal; based on CM & exam of meningeal sac; MRI, ultrasound, CT, myelography

Back 25

Spina Bifida

Front 26

Prevent infection, neuro assessment, early closure, antibiotics initiated, neurotoxic substances avoided, orthopedic considerations, mgmt GU fxn

Back 26

Spina Bifida

Front 27

Support family, encourage therapies, address health needs, support hospitalized child; * avoid measuring rectal temp

Back 27

Spina Bifida

Front 28

is a malformation of the brain. It consists of a downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils and the medulla[1] through the foramen magnum, sometimes causing hydrocephalus as a result of obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) outflow [2]. The cerebrospinal fluid outflow being caused by phase difference in outflow and influx of blood in the vasculature of the brain.

Back 28

type 2 chiari

Front 29

benzodiazepine drug with short to medium duration of action. It has all five intrinsic benzodiazepine effects: anxiolytic, amnesic, sedative/hypnotic, anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant.[4] It is a powerful anxiolytic and since its introduction

Back 29

LORAZEPAM/adivan

Front 30

is a commonly used antiepileptic. Phenytoin acts to dampen the unwanted, runaway brain activity seen in seizure by reducing electrical conductance among brain cells by stabilizing the inactive state of voltage gated sodium channels. Aside from seizures, it is an option in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia as well as certain cardiac arrhythmias

Back 30

Phenytoin sodium

Front 31

is a succinimide anticonvulsant, used mainly in absence seizures

Back 31

Ethosuximide

Front 32

is a chemical compound that has found clinical use as an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug, primarily in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and less commonly major depression. It is also used to treat migraine headaches and schizophrenia.

Back 32

Valproic Acid-

Front 33

Asthma Corticosteroid Suppress inflam. and normal immune response PO HTN, anorexia, nausea, adrenal suppression Assess resp. status periodically while administering

Back 33

Solumedrol

Front 34

Asthma Beta agonist, bronchodilator Binds to beta adrenergic receptors  dec intracellular Ca relaxes smooth muscle in air way, bronchodilation inhal Nervousness, tremor, hyperactivity, CP, palpitations Quick relief. Assess lung sounds, pulse, and BP before and at peak. Use spacer for children <8 y/o

Back 34

Albuterol (Proventil)

Front 35

Asthma Anticholinergic, bronchodilator Inhibits cholinergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle Inhal Dizziness, HA Assess resp status before and peak.

Back 35

atrovent

Front 36

Asthma Leukotriene, anti-inflam. Antagonizes the effects of leukotrienes, which mediate: airway edema, smooth muscle constriction, altered cellular activity  dec inflam. process PO Diarrhea, nausea Prevention and chronic tx. Assess lung sounds prior and periodically

Back 36

singulair

Front 37

Mucolytic Decreases mucous viscosity Inhal/PO N/V, rhinorrhea, diarrhea

Back 37

mucomyst CF

Front 38

CF Anti-infective Inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria IM, IV, PO Ataxia, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity Assess for s/s of infec

Back 38

tobramycin

Front 39

Antibiotic Binds to bacterial cell wall  cell death PO Diarrhea, rashes, anaphylaxis, pseudomembranous colitis, seizures Watch for s/s of anaphylaxis. Monitor bowel function.

Back 39

amoxicillin OM