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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the specifics about measuring scoliosis
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-use flexible straight edge or artist's ruler
-start at C7 |
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what are the etiologies for true or apparent scoliosis
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-idiopathic
-neuromuscular -pelvic obliquity -leg length -asymmetry of tightness |
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What is the Harvey angle
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-use the universal goni parallel to the floor and align with the PSIS and ASIS. Tells Pelvic tilt
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what are causes of excessive anterior pelvic tilt
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-hip flexor tightness
-weak abdominals -crouch gait |
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what are the causes of excessive posterior pelvic tilt
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-tight hamstrings with distal pull
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what is within normal for a pelvic obliquity
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2 degrees
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describe the Staheli/cusick prone extension test
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-prone, pelvis flat on table, the non testing leg is flexed at knee and hip, and ankle between testers knees. The testing hip you bring into extension before pelvic rotation.
-measure at g trochanter along horizontal pelvis and along the line of the femur. Repeat test with testing knee flexed to differentiate between rec fem and iliopsoas |
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what will happen as a result of limited extension
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-gait impairment during stance and forward propulsion
-pelvic alignment: will move toward anterior pelvic tilt |
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Describe Sahrmann's 2jt flexor test
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-supine on table,knees off the edge
-starts in flexion of hips/knees -neutral spine extension with bone knee flexed: lumbar bone are not flat on table -Drop one hip at a time in sagittal plane, maintaining neutral lumbar extension -perform with knee extended then knee flexed -if knee can contact table, normal extensibility (thomas test) |
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what can tight hip flexors cause (3)
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-forced anterior pevlic tilt
-limitations in erect stance -poor access to hip extension |
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what can tight rectus femoris cause (5)
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-forced anterior pelvic tilt
-limitations in erect stance -poor access to hip extension -patella alta -limited knee flexion |
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what is windsweeping
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Windswept hip deformity describes an abduction and external rotation position of one hip with the opposite hip in adduction and internal rotation. Windswept hip deformity may occur in association with hip dislocation and scoliosis.
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what can asymmetry lead to
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-windsweeping
-tight adductors -abductor tightness -limited pelvic weight shift |
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what can tight adductors lead to
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-poor access to hip AB, affect hip joint development
-limited pelvic weight shift |
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what can tight abductors lead to
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-diffcult posture for all fours crawling
-limited pelvic weight shift |
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how do you measure hip IR
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-prone on table, pillow under abdomen
-flex knees to 90 rotate into IR simultaneously to keep pelvis level and goni lined along tibia while the other arm stays perpendicular to the table |
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how do you measure hip ER
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-pone on table with pillow under abdomen
-keep pelvis level, keep hips in neutral abduction and rotate 1 hip at a time -line one arm of goni along the tibia and the other perpendicular to the table |
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What is the ryders test
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-measures the transverse plane alignment of the femur
-pron on table, stay on same side as test leg -secure the g. trochanter to bring into the frontal plane by centering in the hip |
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what will be seen as a result of more antetorsion of femur at the hip
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-more IR
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when should the ryder's test be at 0
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-when children are approximately 16 years old
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what is R1 for peds
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-providing a function speed to your range of motion, is the first moment where the joint stops, provides info about functional range
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what is R2 for peds
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-providing a slow sustained stretch, is the range where no further range is achieved. Provides information on available range or mm length compromise
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how do you measure hamstring length
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-hip flexed to 90
-mark g trochanter, fem condyle, fib head and lateral malleolous -measure with AF with stick at short end, line up with fib head and lateral malleolous -make sure pelvis doesn't rotate -record R1 and R2 |
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how do you measure the thigh foot angle
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-prone on table
-is a place of rest for a variety of structure between the femur, tib-fib unit, the ankle joint, and sub talar joint -knee flexed to 90 foot in neutral position of maximum congruity -with goni align with femur and then bisect heel to ID the angle |
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how do you measure dorsiflexion
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-bisect lateral malleolous and fib head and connect the line
-maintain subtalar neutral -to measure DF-use hindfoot as reference axis at heel pad and forefoot distal reference is at base of 5th meta -measure in prone with knee flexed to 90 with grip for soleus length, mesure with knee extended for gastroc |
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how do you measure axial tibiofibular rotation
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-prone on table
-use the foot as the reference axis of rotation -grasp Lankle over malleolous with L hand, sitting perpendicular to pt -make sure you have subtalar neutral first then firmly rotate foot to end range using same reference axis as thigh foot angle -measure both medial and lateral rotation the same way -ratio is more important- should be 1:1 ration -draw a line that at the end of the heel pad paralleles the condyles of the tibia and fibula in the frontal plane -mark the surface below the medial and lateral malleoli -draw the angle and measure |
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how much tibiofibular rotation will an infant have vs a child vs an adult
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-infants70-80
-children 50-60 -adults 40 |
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How do you measure tibiofibular torsion
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-supine on the table
-bisection of tibial plateau and transmalleolar axis -it is the configuration around long axis of tib fib unit -CT scan is best for measuring this |
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Leg length assessment
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-make sure the pelvis is level
-check if gluteal levels are equal and popliteal creases are equal heights -check if malloli are at equal lengths and look at base of heel pads -with knees flexed to 90 can look at heel heights -in supine flex knees to 90 and align heels to look at height of patella |
