Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is infant morality, neonatal mortality, and postnatal mortality?
|
Number of deaths per 1000 live births during:
Infants: the first year of life Neonatal: <28 days of life Postnatal: >28 days - 1 year |
|
|
What does infant mortality predict in a country?
|
health access and resources
|
|
|
What are the major causes of neonatal death in the US?
|
Low Birth Weight <2500g
the lower the weight, the higher the mortality risk |
|
|
What are the leading causes of death in infants?
|
congenital anomalies
short gestation/LBW SIDS Newborns of complicated labor |
|
|
What are the risk factors of infant mortality?
|
African American Race
Male Gender Short or long gestation Maternal Age (young or old) Maternal Education |
|
|
What is the leading cause of death in children >1yr old?
|
Motor Vehicle Accidents (unrestrained)
Drowning Burns (1-14) Poisoning (<6) Firearms (5-14) |
|
|
What risk factors increase morbidity in children?
|
Homeless
Poverty LBW Chronic illness Foreign, adopted Daycare kids |
|
|
What is the leading cause of childhood illness?
|
respiratory infections
|
|
|
What are the pediatric morbidity health care concerns?
|
Obesity
DM type 2 Injuries Violence Substance abuse Mental Health Concerns |
|
|
What is family centered care?
|
holistic not problem focused
allows family members to express feelings and concerns Enables and empowers family Includes subjective and objective concerns |
|
|
What are the parts to ensuring atraumatic care?
|
prevent seperation
promote a sense of control prevent injury and pain |
|
|
What age group is separation anxiety the worst for?
|
6 months to 5 years old
|
|
|
What are the phases of separation anxiety?
|
Protest
Despair Detachment |
|
|
What occurs in the protest phase of separation anxiety?
|
cry and scream, cling to parent
|
|
|
What occurs in the despair phase of separation anxiety?
|
crying stops, evidence of depression
no food or playing |
|
|
What occurs in the detachment phase of separation anxiety?
|
denial
resignation but not contentment may seriously affect attachment to parent after separation |
|
|
What are the parents reaction to the detachment phase?
|
visit less
short stays deceiving child all are bad |
|
|
What does separation anxiety depend on?
|
age
past experience degree of stressor |
|
|
What are some major stressors for hospitalized children?
|
separation
loss of control bodily injury pain |
|
|
What are nursing interventions for infants with loss of control?
|
Trust developmental stage
Consistent caregivers Keep daily routines |
|
|
Name ways to keep an infants routine the same
|
eating habits the same
same brand of diapers same type of bottle same nipple type |
|
|
What nursing interventions can be used when a toddler has loss of control?
|
age 1-3
Autonomy - so any restriction or limitation can threaten a child Daily routines and rituals |
|
|
What behaviors are common in toddlers when they loose control?
|
regressive behavior
negativity temper tantrums may try to plead with parents |
|
|
How do preschoolers react to loss of control?
|
age 3-5
Egocentric and have magical thinking may view illness or hospitalization as punishment (want to be obedient) preoperational thought (no abstract thinking) |
|
|
How do school age children respond to loss of control?
|
striving for independence and productivity - boredom
Fears of death, abandonment, permanent injury |
|
|
What are nursing interventions for school age children in loss of control?
|
Identify their fears
provide play or distraction (child life specialist) allow them to take control - making bed, choose activity: respond better |
|
|
How do adolescents respond to loss of control?
|
have struggle for independence and liberation
Separation from peer group tough Anger or frustration Need information about condition - don't like to ask |
|
|
What are some nursing interventions for adolescents loosing control?
|
Provide factual information
Set boundaries Encourage independence in self care, time structuring, clothes, or rooming |
|
|
What are nursing interventions for fears of bodily injury and pain?
|
manipulate techniques - no rectal T
address issue, can persist into adulthood |
|
|
What are common misconceptions about bodily injury and pain in children?
|
<4 think that insides will fall out with surgery
Larger the bandaid the larger the problem CAT scan is a cat that scratches |
|
|
When do the effects of hospitalization occur?
|
before admission, during, and after discharge
|
|
|
What predicts a childs response to hospitalization?
|
the way the child perceives the illness, rather than the childs intelligence
|
|
|
What are some individual risk factors that increase vulnerability to stressors of hospitalization?
|
Difficult temperment
Lack of fit between child and parent Age (6months-5yrs) - age is not the same as developmental age Males Below average intelligence multiple and continuing stressors (frequent hospitalizations) |
|
|
What are the benefits of hospitalization?
|
Recovery from illness
master stress and feel competent in coping new socialization experience foster parent child relationship education opportunities |
|
|
What are the parental responses to hospitalization?
|
disbelief, anger, guilt (esp if sudden)
Fear, anxiety (pain and seriousness of illness) Frustration (need for information) Depression |
|
|
What are sibling's reaction?
|
loneliness, fear, worry
anger, resentment, jealousy guilt (might have said I hate you, and then they got sick) |
|
|
What influences a sibling's reaction?
|
age, younger
cared for by new people not informed favoritism of other kid |
|
|
What are altered family roles with a hospitalized child?
|
Ill child obligated to play the sick role
Parents continue pattern of overprotectiveness and indulgent attention |
|
|
How do you prevent separation?
|
*primary goal for kids under 5
family centered care - parent not a visitor Familiar items from home maintain routine time structuring self care (for age appropriate kids) School work Friends and visitors |
|
|
What is important in caring for the family at discharge?
|
available resources
understand directions respite care is essential |
