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107 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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If suspected communicable disease assess the following 4 things:
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exposure
prodromal symptoms constitutional symptoms immunization history |
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High contagious actue respiratory infection
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Pertussis Whooping Cough
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Pertusis (Whooping Cought) is caused by
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Bordetella Pertussis
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Pertussis occurs mainly in children age
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under 4 with no hx of immunization
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Incidence of pertusiss is highest in the
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spring and summer
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the CDC report increased cases amount what age? Due to?
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7-10 year olds
waning immunity better diagnostic tests |
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Pertussis bacteria attach to the
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ciia of epithelial cells and produce toxins which paralyze the cilia, cause inflammation to the respiratory tract thus interfering with clearing of secritions.
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Pertusis is transmitted via
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discharge from respiratory tract
direct contact or droplet indirect contact |
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Incubation of pertussis is
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6-20 days
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The first stage of pertusis is
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catarrhal stage (1-2 weeks)
-URI symptoms -low grade fever -hacking cough |
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The second stage of pertussis is
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paroxysmal stage
-whooping cough stage (4-6 weeks) -redness -cyanosis -bulging eyes -tongue protrusion -vomiting |
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Can people who are fully immunized get pertussis
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YES
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Pertussis is diagnosed using a
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nasopharngeal swab or aspirate
Culture via PCR |
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Pertussis is treated with
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antibiotics
-erythromycin -clarithromycin -azithromycin |
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Pertussis complications include
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pneumonia
hemorrhage rib fractures hernias prolapsed rectum weight loss |
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What immunization is given for pertussis
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DTaP
TDaP- booster |
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Contraindications of pertussis vaccine
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illness
allergy nervous system disease |
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Pregnant women who have not been vaccinated with TDaP should
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get one dose during the 3rd rimester, late 2nd or right after birth
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Varicella is cause by
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varicalla zoster virus
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After primar infection varicella becomes ________ and can come back as
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latent and can come back as shingles
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Varicella is transmitted via
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primary sectritions
direct contact droplet contaminated objects |
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Incubation of varicella
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2-3 weeks
prodromal phase |
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Varicella is most communicable
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24 hours before eruption of lesions to 6 dyas after first outbreak
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The prodromal phase of varicella includes the following symptoms
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low grade fever, malaise and anorexia
pruritic rash papule, vesicle, crust |
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After vaccination for varicella some patient can get
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breakthrough infection <50 lesions
occur with in 43 days of vaccination |
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Diagnosis of Varicella is done with
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physical assesment
PCR |
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Varicella is treated with
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acyclovir
Varicella zoster immune globulin (for high risk patients) Diphenhydramine or antihistamines |
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Contraindications for varicella vaccine
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Allergies to:
previous dose of vaccine gelatin neomycin Pregnant Women HIV, Cancer, steroids, radiation, recent blood transfusion patients |
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Fifth Disease (erythema Infectiosum) is a
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mild rash illness
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Fifth Disease is cause by
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parvovirus B19
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20% of people who get Fifths Disease have
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no symptoms
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Fifths disease is transmitted through
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respiratory secretions
blood and blood product direct contact |
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Fifth disease incubation is
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4-14 days
most communicable before symptoms occur |
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Pregnant women Fifths disease are at increased risk of
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a child being born with anemia or a miscarriage
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First manifestation of fifths disease is
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URI
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Stage one of rash for fifths disease is
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slapped cheeks appearance (1-4 days)
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Stage two of rash for fifths disease is
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maculopapular rash on upper and lower extrematies
last up to one week |
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Stage three of rash for fifths disease is
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rash subsides but skin is irritated
joint pain |
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Diagnosis of fifth disease is via
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physical assessment
blood test |
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Therapeutic management of fifths disease includes
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antipantipyretics
analgesics anti-inflammatory drugs blood tranfusion (4 aplastic anemia) |
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Measles (rubeola)
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is a highly contagious resp illness
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Measles is cause by
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the measels virus
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Measles is transmitted via
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respiratory tract secretions
blood urine direct contact droplets |
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Incubation of measles is
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10-20 days
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Measles is communicable
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4 days before and 5 days after rash appears
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Clinical manifestations of Measles
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-fever/ malaise during prodromal fase
-coryza cough conjunctivitis koplik spots rash anorexia abd pain lymphadenopathy |
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Diagnosis of Measles
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assesment
blood tests |
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Therapeutic Management
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Bed Rest
Antipyretics Antibiotics for secondary infections |
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Maintain isolation with measles till
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5thday of rash
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Complications of measles
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otitis media
pneumonia diarrhea laryngitis and laryngotracheities encephalitis |
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Vaccination for Measles
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MMR
MMRV |
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Contraindications for vaccine
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alleriges
illness at time of vaccine pregnancy HIV/AID, cancer, blood disorders, tranfusions |
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MMR and Varicella are
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live vaccines
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Infectious Mononucleosis
(Epstein-Barr Virus) |
actue self limitng infectious disease
few symptoms, indistinguishable from other mild childhood illnesses |
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Mono belongs to
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herpes virus family
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Mono is common under
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age 25
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Transmission of mono is via
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direct contact with oral sectirtions, blood transfusion or transplantation
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Incubation of Mono
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30-50 days
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Clinical manifestations of Mono
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fatigue
malaise sore throat fever lymphadenopathy splenomegaly (actue) hepatomegaly and jaundice (actue) skin rash (acute) |
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If mono is misdiagnosed and treated with amoxicillan or ampicillian
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rash results
(then you know its mono :) |
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Diagnosis of Mono via
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assesment
labs -monospot |
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therapeutic management of mono
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analgesic
bed rest limit sports if splenomegaly |
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Bacterial Meningitis
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actue inflammation of the meninges and CSF
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Bacterial Meningitis is cause by
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haemophilus influenza type B
streptococcus pneumoniae streptococcus group B neisseria meningitidis listeria |
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Most common cause of bacterial meningitis in infants
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group B strep
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Most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adolescents
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nicerria
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Transmission of bacterial Meningitis
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droplet
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Clinical manifestations of meningitis infants
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fever or hypothermia
poor feeding, vomiting marked irritability restlessness seizures bulging or tense fontanel high pitcher cry |
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Clinical manifestation of meningitis in children
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fever
nausea headache vomiting photophobia altered mental status petechial or purpuric rash |
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Symptoms of Meningitis develop
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3-7 days after exposure
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What is the Brudzinski sign in patient with bacterial meningitis
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severe neck stiffness
causes hips and knees to flex when neck is flexed |
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What is the Kernig's sign in patients with bacterial meningitis
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severe stiffness of hamstrings
can't straighten legs when the hip is flexed |
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Diagnosis of bacterial meningitis
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blood
CSF fluid |
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Treatment of bacterial meningitis
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antibiotics
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Vaccination against which forms of bacterial meningitis
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nesisseria meningitidis
streptococcus pneumoniae haemophilus influenza type B |
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Vaccines for nesisseria meningitis
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MPSV4
MCV4 |
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Contraindications for MPSV4 and MCV4 vaccine
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allergic reaction
illness |
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Vaccines for streptococcus pneumonia (meningitis )
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PCV13
PPSV |
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Contraindications for PCV13 and PPSV vaccines
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allergic rxn
illness |
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Vaccines for haemophilus influenza type B (meningitis)
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Hib
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Contraindications for Hib
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allergic rxn
children under 6 weeks illness |
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Inactivated disease or virus vaccines require
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multiple doses
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At least ___ days between vaccines
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28 days
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Example of a recombinant vaccine
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HPV
Hep B |
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Monovalent vaccine
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vaccinates against a single antigen
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conjugate vaccine
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a carrier protein with proven immunologic potential combined with a less polysaccharide antigen to enahnce the type of magnitude of the immune response
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combination vaccine
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combination of multiple vaccines into one
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polyvalent vaccine
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vaccine designed to vaccinate against multiple antigens or organisms
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herd immunity
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a condition in which a majority of the population (80%) is vaccinated and the spread of certain disease is stopped
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Thimerosal
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mercury containing compound NOT used in vaccines!!
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Hep B vaccine is contraindicated for people with
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life threatening yeast allergy
illness |
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Rotavirus
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diarrheal disease
vomiting |
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The rotavirus vaccine is
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oral
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Contraindications for rotavirus vaccine
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allergy
SCID illness hiv/aids, cancer |
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Contraindications for HPV vaccine
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allergy
pregnancy illness |
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HPV vaccine can cause
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brief fainting spell
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How many doses of DTaP are givin?
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5 doses at 2,4,6, & btw 15-18 months
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Tdap boosted is given at?
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11-18yrs
adult 19-64 |
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How many doses of varicella vaccine are given>?
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2 doses
1st -12-15 months 2nd 4-6 years |
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For varicella vaccine in children older then 13 give
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2 doses 4-8 weeks apart
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How many MMR vaccines are given
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2
12-15 months 4-6 years |
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When is Vaccination for Neisseria meningitis given
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2 doses
11-18 yrs |
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When is vaccination for streptococcus pneumonia given
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4 doses
2,4,6,12-15 months |
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When is vaccination for influenza B, Hib?
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4 doses
2,4,6,12-15 months |
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Hep B vaccines is given when and how many doses?
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3 doses
1 at birth 2nd dose 1-2 months 3rd dose 6-18 months |
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Rotavirus vaccine is given ?
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2 or 3 doses
1- 2 months 2-4 months 3- 6 months |
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HPV vaccine is given?
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3 dose 11-12 years
1st dose: now 2nd dose: 1 to 2 months after 1st doese 3rd dose: 6 months after 1st dose |
