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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Differentiate between a right to left and left to right shunt in cardiac disease.
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A left to right shunt moves oxygenated blood back through pulmonary circulation. A right to left shunt bypasses the lungs and delivers unoxygenated blood to systemic circulation, causing cyanosis.
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List the four defects associated with tetralogy of Fallot.
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VSD, overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy.
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List the common signs of cardiac problems in an infant.
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Poor feeding, poor weight gain, respiratory distress and infections, edema and cyanosis.
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What are two objectives in treating congestive heart failure?
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Reduce the workload of the heart and increase cardiac output.
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Describe nursing intervention to reduce the workload of the heart.
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Give small, frequent feedings or gavage feedings. Plan frequent rest periods. Maintain a neutral thermal environment. Organize activities to disturb child only as indicated.
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What position would best relieve the child experiencing a test spell?
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Knee-chest position or squatting.
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What are common signs of digoxin toxicity?
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Diarrhea, fatigue, weakness, nausea, and vomiting: the nurse should check for bradycardia prior to administration.
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List the five risks in cardiac catherization.
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Arrhytmia, bleeding, perforation, phlebitis, obstruction of the arterial entry site.
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What cardiac complications are associated with rheumatic fever?
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Aortic valve stenosis and mitral valve stenosis
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What medications are used to treat rheumatic fever?
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Penicillin, erthromycin, aspirin
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What are the physical features of a child with Down syndrome?
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Simian creases in palms, hypotonia, protruding tongue, and upward-outward slant of eyes.
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Describe scissoring.
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A common characteristic of spastic cerebral palsy in infants; legs are extended and crossed over each other, feet are plantar-flexed.
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What are two nursing priorities for a newborn with myelomeningocele?
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Prevention of infection of the sac and monitoring for hydrocephalus (measure head circumference; check fontanel; assess neurologic functioning).
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List the signs and symptoms of increased ICP in older children.
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Irritability, change in LOC, motor dysfunction, headache, vomiting, unequal pupil response, and seizures.
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What teaching should parents of a newly shunted child receive?
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Information about signs of infection and increased ICP; understanding that shunt should not be pumped and that child will need revisions with growth; guidance concerning growth and development.
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State the three main goals in providing nursing care for a child experiencing a seizure?
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Maintain patent airway, protect from injury, and observe carefully.
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What are the side effects of Dilantin?
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Gingival hyperplasia, dermatitis, ataxia, GI distress
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Describe the signs and symptoms of a child with meningitis.
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Fever, irritability, vomiting, neck stiffness, opisthotonos, positive Kernig sign, positive Brudzinski sign; infant may not show all classic signs even though very ill.
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What antibiotic are usually prescribed for bacterial meningitis?
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Ampicillin, penicillin, chloramphenicol
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How is a child usually positioned after brain tumor surgery?
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Flat or on either side
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Desribe the function of an osmotic diuretic.
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Osmotic diuretics remove water from CNS to reduce cerebral edema.
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What nursing interventions increase intracranial pressure?
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Suctioning and positioning, turning
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Describe the mechanism of inheritance of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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X-linked recessive trait
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What is gower's sign?
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Gower's sign is an indicator of muscular dystrophy; to stand, the child has to walk hands up legs
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