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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the MC nutritional deficiency in infants and children?
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iron deficiency anemia
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When does iron deficiency anemia occur?
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Occurs when iron requirements for expanding blood volume and muscle mass exceeds rate of dietary iron intake
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When does iron deficiency anemia typically occur?
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Normal infants born with sufficient iron stores to prevent iron deficiency anemia for first 4 months of life so most commonly occurs between 6-24mo of age
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What are risk factors/predisposing factors for iron deficiency anemia?
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Poor dietary intake
Chronic blood loss Menstrual and GI tract bleeding (Meckel’s, Crohn’s) Peptic Ulcer Disease Cows milk ingestion in infancy Low income Poor maternal iron status |
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What are the sx of iron deficiency anemia?
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Weakness, fatigue, lightheadedness
Pica- compulsion to eat non food substances |
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What would be seen on PE of children w/ iron deficiency anemia?
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Pallor, tachycardia, systolic murmur
Adult changes such as spooning of fingernails and atrophy of tongue are uncommon in children |
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Diagnostic Testing: iron deficiency anemia
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Iron deficiency anemia is microcytic and hypochromic
Low MCV (mean corpuscular volume) and low MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) Uneven RBC size reflected by increased RDW (RBC distribution width) Serum iron concentration low Serum iron binding capacity increased Serum ferritin low |
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Management/prevention of iron deficiency anemia
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Breast milk is ideal for the first 6 mo of life, but elemental iron supplementation 1mg/kg/day should be provided if exclusively breast fed beyond 6mo
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What should infants weaned prior to 12 months receive?
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Infants weaned prior to 12 months should receive iron supplemented formula NOT cow’s milk
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When should foods rich in iron be introduced into kid's diet?
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Foods rich in iron should be gradually introduced into diet around 6mo of age
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Treatment should be coupled with identification of underlying cause (iron deficiency anemia)
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2-6mg/kg elemental ferrous iron per day
Ascorbic acid supplementation can enhance absorption Transfusion of PRBC’s in severe cases |
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What is hemolytic anemia?
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Defined as any premature destruction of RBC’s and removal from circulation prior to normal life span of 120 days
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