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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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signs of dehydration
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capillary refill >3 sec
should have wet diaper q 8 hrs -oliguria (low urine output)/anuria -moist mucous membranes, tears, tachycardia -pale, eyes sunken in |
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When should you worry about diarrhea in kids?
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if it lasts more than 2 wks (usu gone by 2 wks)
-blood in stool esp if assoc w/fever |
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Rotavirus
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#1 cause of gastroenteritis
-want to hospitalize SS: have vomit then lots of watery diarrhea (no WBC or RBC, but smelly) |
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Giardia: what is it? where do you get it from? SS?
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MC parasitic infection from contaminated water
-greasy, foul-smelling diarrhea (CHRONIC relapsing pattern) -bloating, flatulence, anorexia, poor wt gain |
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How do you get salmonella?
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uncooked poultry or eggs
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What can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome? (destroys RBC --> kidney damage)
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E. Coli
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MC E.coli toxin?
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Toxin O157:H7
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What does severe constipation lead to?
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may see breathrough diarrhea or encopresis (involuntary passage of stool)
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Common presentation of gastroesophageal reflux in infants?
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discomfort when eating (arches back), crying when on back, freq spitting, always hungry
(Treat the symptomatic ones) |
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What are the pearls of appendicitis in kids?
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-easy to miss (kids present diff & hard to assess by PE)
-inc risk for perforation (hard to diag) MC abdominal surgical emergency in all ages |
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umbilical hernia
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umbilical is MC congenital
usually resolves by 4 yrs, but doesn't mean no treatment |
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Types of inguinal hernias
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reducible, incarcerated (stuck, still have blood supply)
-strangulated (no blood flow) Direct: not into scrotum Indirect: goes into scrotom |
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Pyloric stenosis
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gastric outlet obstruction: food comes right back up
-pyloric muscle hypertrophy SS: forceful projectile vomit, olive sized mass palpated, peristalsis after eating -always hungry |
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How does intussception present? tx?
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telescoping of bowel segment into another
-MC in kids M>F SS: colicky pain, currant jelly stools, sausage like mass Tx: barium or air enema |
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Malrotation
-what is? risk for what? |
-abnormal anatomy of intestings
-colon twisted on self Risk for volvulus |
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What is volvulus?
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twisting of colon onto itself from malrotation
-cutting off blood supply SS: vomits bile - bright green-yellow color |
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reye''s syndrome
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occurs when aspirin given in viral infection (influenza & varicella)
-can have liver problems |
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Hirschsprungs Dz
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congenital megacolon
-no ganglion cells so there is proximal dilation of colon -no meconium, vomit, abd distention |
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How to treat hirschsprungs dz?
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get a biopsy and remove it (surgical resection)
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Celiac disease: what is? present?
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gluten sensitivity
present: can vary (rash, malabsorption, chronic diarrhea, statorrhea, low wt, FTT) -chronic abdo pain, dermatitis herpatiformis rash |
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what is dermatis herpatiformis rash associated with?
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Celiac disease
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What tests do you perform for celiac dz?
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serologic testing
-Anti-TTG -IgA endomysial Ab -test for IgA deficiency -Anti gliadin Abs no very accurate Bx is definitive test--> see atrophy or change |
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When is it okay to give aspirin to kids?
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kawasaki's disease & rheumatic heart disease
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