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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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define growth
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an increase in physical size of the whole body or any of its parts.
quantitative change in the body (kg, lbs, meters, inches..) - ex: proportion of head to body size |
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define development
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progressive increase in skill and capacity of function
qualitative change in functioning (measured through observation) |
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what are the seven parts of development
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motor, social/emotional, adaptive, cognitive, language (receptive and expressive),
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maturation
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increase in competence and adaptability
qualitative change in structure (depends on childs genetic makeup) |
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6 principles of growth and development
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1. continuous
2. predictable (even atypical can be predictable) 3. G&D dont progress at same rate (growth spurts) 4. body parts dont grow at the same rate at same time 5. individuals grow in unique ways 6. G7D is affected by preceding development (walk before run) 7. proceeds in regular related direction (cephalo-caudal, proximodistal, general to specific) |
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factors affecting growth and development
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hereditary
environmental factors --> prenatal (nutritional deficiency, diabetic mother, radiation exposure, infection with german measles, smoking, drugs, malposition of fetus, faulty placental implantation) post natal (socio-economic status, nutrition, climate/season, ordinal position in family, # of siblings, family structure) |
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types of growth
types of development |
physical growth (ht, wt)
physiological growth (vital signs) motor, cognitive, emotional, social |
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broad stages of growth and development (5)
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prenatal (0-42 weeks)
infancy (birth to 1 year) early childhood (1-6 years) middle childhood (6-12 years) late childhood (13-18 years) |
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stages of prenatal development
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embryonic (conception - 8 weeks)
fetal stage (8-40 or 42 weeks) |
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states of infancy development
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neonate = birth to end of one month
infancy = 1 month to end of one year |
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neonate
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birth to end of 1 month
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infancy
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1 month to end of 1 year
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states of early childhood development
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toddler = 1-3 yrs
preschool = 3-6 yrs |
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toddler
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1-3 yrs
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preschool
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3-6 years
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states of middle childhood development
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school age
6-12 years old |
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states of late childhood development
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adolescent
13 -18 years old |
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newell's model
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motor behaviors - emerge as a result of changing individual (organismic), environmental, and task constraints
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newborn stage
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0-4 weeks
transitional period from intrauterine life to extra uterine environment |
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normal newborn infant: physical growth (weight, height, head circumference)
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2.7-4 kg
5%-10% weight loss by 3-4 days after birth (dec in mothers hormones, loss of excess ECF, meconium and urine, limited food intake) weight gain by 10th day after birth 3/4 kg gain by the end of 1 month height: (boys 50 cm, girls 49 cm, 47.5-53.75 = normal) head circumference: 33 - 35 cm, head is 1/4 total body length, 2 fontanels (ant & post) |
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anterior fontanel
posterior fontanel |
3-4 cm in length
2-3 cm wide closes at 12-18 months of age between coronal, sagittal, and frontal suture closes by end of 1st month of age between occipital and 2 parietal bones |
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should we memorize normal vital signs for infants and neonates?
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?
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APGAR
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scores given to new borns at 1 min and 5 mins... sometimes if low given at 10 and 15 mins.
total possible is 10. |
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gross motor development for newborns
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mvmt is random, diffuse, uncoordinated
reflexes for function and response to external stimuli reflexes should not dominate posture and should be fleeting (atypical developing child will have postures with reflexes dominating) |
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fine motor development for newborns
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holds hand in a fist
when crying, arms and legs drawn into body |
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newborn reflexes
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swallowing
gag suck grasp tonic neck |
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emotional development of newborns
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emotions express their need
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