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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which of the following is released from the posterior pituitary gland and promotes water retention in the renal system?
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Antidiuretic hormone
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Nurses must be alert for increased fluid requirements when a child has which of the following?
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Fever
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Which of the following factors predispose an infant to fluid imbalances?
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Immature kidney functioning
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The number of milliliters of fluid per day needed for a 14 kg child is:
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1200
child requires 100 ml/kg |
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An infant is brought to the emergency department with the following clinical manifestations: poor skin turgor, weight loss, lethargy, tachycardia, and tachypnea. This is suggestive of which of the following?
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Water depletion
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Clinical manifestations of sodium excess (hypernatremia) include which of the following?
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Dry, sticky mucous membranes
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Which of the following laboratory findings would the nurse expect in a child with an excess of water?
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Decreased hematocrit
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Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of calcium depletion (hypocalcemia)?
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Neuromuscular irritability
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What type of dehydration occurs when the electrolyte deficit exceeds the water deficit?
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Hypotonic dehydration
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What amount of fluid loss occurs with moderate dehydration?
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50 to 90 ml/kg
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Physiologically, the child compensates for fluid volume losses by which of the following mechanisms?
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Fluid shift from interstitial space to intravascular space
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Ongoing fluid losses can overwhelm the child’s ability to compensate, resulting in shock. Early clinical signs that precede shock include:
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Tachycardia
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The presence of which pair of factors is a good predictor of a fluid deficit of at least 5% in an infant?
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Dry mucous membranes and generally ill appearance
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The nurse suspects fluid overload in an infant receiving intravenous fluids. Which of the following clinical manifestations is suggestive of water intoxication?
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Irritability, seizures
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Which of the following produces the clinical manifestations of nervous system stimulation and excitement, such as overexcitability, nervousness, and tetany?
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Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis
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An approximate method of estimating output for a child who is not toilet trained is:
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Weigh diapers after each void
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The nurse is selecting a site to begin an intravenous infusion on a 2-year-old child. The superficial veins on his hand and arm are not readily visible. Which of the following interventions will increase the visibility of these veins?
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Gently tap over the site.
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When caring for a child with an intravenous infusion, the nurse should do which of the following?
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Check insertion site frequently for signs of infiltration.
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The nurse determines that a child’s intravenous infusion has infiltrated. The infused solution is a vesicant. The most appropriate nursing action is which of the following?
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End infusion and notify practitioner.
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Several types of long-term central venous access devices are used. Which of the following is a benefit of using an implanted port (e.g., Port-a-Cath)?
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The patient does not need to limit regular physical activity, including swimming.
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The nurse is teaching the family of a child with a long-term central venous access device. Symptoms of bacteremia, a serious complication, include which of the following?
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Fever, general malaise
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Which of the following flush solutions is recommended for intravenous catheters larger than 24 gauge?
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Saline
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