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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two most common childhood infectious diseases in the US? (general)
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Upper respiratory tract infection
Otitis media |
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Define coryza.
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Coryza refers to a runny nose, and other symptoms of a head cold.
445 |
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Besides infection, what can fever in a child indicate?
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Rheumatologic disease
Inflammatory bowel disease Kawasaki disease Poisoning Malignancy 446 |
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What should you do if a child's symptoms persist or progress despite antibiotic therapy?
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1. May change antibiotic regimen
2. More frequently, should stop antibiotics completely in order to obtain blood cultures 3. Book says antibiotics should never be given before blood cultures are taken, unless life-threatening situation 447 |
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For what kinds of infections is ultrasonography helpful?
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Solid organs - kidneys, liver, pancreas, spleen
Soft tissue abscesses Suppurative arthritis of the hip 448 |
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What common pediatric disorder is evaluated using VCUG? (Voiding cystourethrogram)
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Ureteral reflux
449 |
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Viral or bacterial? Petechiae
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Could be either
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Viral or bacterial? Purpura
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Rarely in viral
Bacterial, if severe |
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Viral or bacterial? Leukocytosis
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Uncommon in viral (except adenovirus, herpes simplex)
Common in bacterial |
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Viral or bacterial? Left shift (increased bands)
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Uncommon in viral
Common in bacterial |
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Viral or bacterial?
Increased ESR, CRP, TNF, IL-1, and/or PAF |
All common in bacterial
Unusual/uncommon in viral (except EBV, adenovirus, herpes simplex) |
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Viral or bacterial?
Lymphocytic meningitis |
Viral
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Viral or bacterial?
Neutrophilic meningitis |
Bacterial
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What rectal temperature is considered abnormal/febrile?
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>100.4 F, 38 C
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How do exogenous and endogenous pyrogens create fever?
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1. Exogenous pyrogens (microbes, microbial toxins) stimulate endogenous pyrogens (cytokines).
2. Endogenous pyrogens reach the anterior hypothalamus, and elevate the hypothalamic thermostat. 460 |
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What syndrome is associated with aspirin use in children?
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Reye syndrome: fatty liver, severe encephalopathy
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Is a fever of 105 F (40.6 C) of more concern in a child younger than 5 years old, or older than 5 years old?
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Older infants & children <5yo may have an "exaggerated febrile response" to benign viral infection.
Fever to this degree is unusual in older children/adolescents, and suggests serious illness. 460 |
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How long must a child be febrile before a diagnosis of FUO can be made? (fever of unknown origin)
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14 days with unknown etiology despite Hx, PE, & labs
or 7 days of hospitalization |
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What lab results do you want to see before sending a febrile infant (<3 months) home?
1. Serum WBC 2. Urine WBC 3. Stool WBC (diarrhea) 4. respiratory signs |
1. WBC 5000-15000
2. urine WBC <10 per HPF 3. stool WBC <5 per HPF 4. normal CXR 460 |
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What kind of organism are children between 2 months and 3 years old at increased risk of infection?
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Organisms with polysaccharide capsules
Strep pneumonia Hib N meningitis nontyphoidal Salmonella |
