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85 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Active immunity
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when a child produces antibodies after the natural invasion of a pathogen
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Naturally active immunity
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having had the disease
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Acquired immunity
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exposure to an organism and build up of antibodies
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Passive immunity
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IgG antibodies that a women possesses either through immunization or having had the disease that's transferred across the placenta to the fetus
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DTaP
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(Diphtheria-toxoid, Pertussis, &Tetanus)
0.5 cc IM 2,4,6months, 15-18months, booster 4-6yrs |
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DTaP S.E.
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No reaction
Systemically- irritability, mild temp, sleepiness, fretfulness Local- muscle soreness, edema, redness, limited ROM Severe- fever >103, seizure, screaming, LOC change, shock, encephalitis (all from Pertussis) |
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Rubeola/Measles
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Live attenuated vaccine grown in chx embryo
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Rubeola/Measles admin
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12-15months w/MMR
2nd dose 4-6yrs or if no 2nd dose 11-12yrs don't give earlier than 12months, 15months ideal |
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Rubeola/Measles S.E. & contras
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COntra- febrile, immunocompromised, chem, steroid therapy
S.E.- fever, rash, anorexia & malaise |
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Rubella (German Measles)
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Prevent congenital rubella syndrome- mental retardation, cataracts, deafness, heart defects
12-15months w/MMR or until puberty |
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Rubella S.E. & contras
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Contra- pregnant or who many become pregnant in 2-3months
S.E.- (rare) fever, rash |
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Mumps S.E.
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encephalitis, meningitis, deafness
S.E.- mild brief fever don't give <12months |
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Hepatitis B admin
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3 doses- 1st >6months, 2nd 1 month after 1st, 3rd 4months after 1st
IM in vastus lateralis or deltoid |
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Varicella admin & S.E.
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SQ 12-18months & again 4-6yrs, may 11-12yrs
2 doses 1month apart for those who didnt receive it S.E.- tenderness & erythema at site Don't give salicylates 6wks after- Reye's syndrome |
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Oral administration
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Liquid, chewable, meltaway
use syringe, chaser, crush meds in applesauce or flavored syrup, rewards |
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Intranasal administration
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child on back, admin med, turn head to one side, remain flat for 1 min
have pt sniff med |
Nasal drops or sprays
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Ophthalmic administration
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restrain prn, child on back, open eyes by firmly but gently pressing on lower lid w/thumb &upper lid w/index, admin, blink 2-3x, get up
ointment- inside rim of conjuctiva from inner to outer don't share |
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Otic administration
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drops @ room temp or slighty warmed, child on back, <2 pull pinna down & back, admin in canal & keep head sideways for 1min
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Rectal administration
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supp- insert & hold buttocks closed for 10secs
enema- admin, hold buttocks closed for 15secs insert 1st knuckle on little finger depth |
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Transdermal/Topical administration
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wash hands after
patches- apply over trunk/major muscles for best absorption place clothing over, don't place in diaper area |
skin irritations, itching, dryness
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IV medication
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LR & 0.9%NSS
can use 0.45% (hypotonic) for dehydration to increase blood volume, Dextrose 10% in 0.9%NS to reduce cerebral edema w/head trauma |
peripheral vein, central cenous cath or PICC
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Intraosseous infusion
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site- distal or proximal tibia, distal femur, iliac crest
can admin all fluids change tubing Q48H & dressing Q24H Assess distal pulse, temp & color hourly |
infusion of fluid into bone marrow
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Assessment of pain- infant
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cues- diffuse body movements, tears, high-pitched, sharp cry, lack of play, fisting, can't be comforted, eyes squeezed shut, quivering chin
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signs
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Assessment of pain- toddler
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different name for pain, aggressive, pounding, rocking
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signs
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Assessment of pain- preschool
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gritting teeth, hand on forehead, pulling on ear, holding throat, rubbing arm, grimacing
view as punishment |
signs
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Assessment of pain- child
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regression, clenched hands & teeth, guarding
FLACC |
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Non-pharmacological management
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distraction, sub of meaning, thought stopping, hypnosis, music, yoga...
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Solitary play
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play alone & independently w/toys differn from those used by other children within the same area, interest on own activity
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def
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Onlooker play
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watches other children
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def
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Parallel play
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independent, play beside rather than with
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def
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Associative play
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children play together & engage in similar or identical activity (preschool)
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def
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Cooperative play
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organized, goals in mind (school age)
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def & age
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Exploratory play
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grasping, holding, examining articles (infant)
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def & age
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Creative play
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experiment with new ideas, imagination, fantasy & exploration (solitary play)
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Infant anticipatory guidance
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safety, teach about care, feeding, immunizations, etc,
stimulation,trust, anxiety, begin dental care 6-7months |
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Toddler anticipatory guidance
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immunize, attachment behaviors, behavior changes, toilet training, dental hygiene (full teeth 2.5-3), sporadic eating habits & rituals
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Toddler safety (reasons for death)
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aspiration, MVA, drowning, burns, poisoning, falls
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Preschooler anticipatory guidance & death reasons
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immunization, dental health, injury r/t immature understanding of danger, behavior changes, security items, imagination, why, set limits
MVA, matches, poisons |
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School age anticipatory guidance
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immunizations, check ups, school experience, social development, achievement, peers, same safety as others
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Adolescent anticipatory guidance
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limits, rules, privacy, mood changes, peers (belonging), conflict with parents/society, accidents, suicides
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Infant play
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colorful hanging toys, sounds, motions, peek a boo, build trust
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up to 3 weeks
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up to 6months play
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playpen toys, touch, grab, mouth
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up to 1yr play
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trust, motion, hand to hand
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toddler play
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autonomy, walking toys, push pull, blocks, dolls, parallel
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preschool play
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initiative, associative, informal games, dumping & noisy toys
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school age play
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industry, cooperative, bicycle, groups, collections, games with rules
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teen play
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identity, cooperative, sports, organization in activities, projects, social contact, opposite sex
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up to 2months immunizations
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RV, DTaP, Hib, PCV, IPV
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4-6month immunizations
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RV, DTaP, Hib, PCV, IPV, Hep B (starting at 6)
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12-18month immunizations
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Hep B, DTaP, Hib, PCV, IPV, Influenza, MMR, Varicella, Hep A
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4-6yr immunizations
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DTaP, IPV, MMR, Varicella
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7-10yrs immunizations
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Tdap, MCV4 (Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine)
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11-12yr immunizations
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Tdap, HPV, MCV4, Influenza, Pneumococcal, Hep A & B, IPV (Inactivated Polio Vaccine), MMR, Varicella
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13-18yr immunizations
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Tdap, HPV, MCV4 &booster at 16
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pain in infant signs
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FLACC, diffuse body movements, tears, high pitched cry, lack of play, fisting, can't be comforted completely, eyes squeezed shut, quivering chin
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pain in toddlers signs
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different names for pain (boo boo), aggressiveness, pounding, rocking
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pain in preschool signs
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gritting teeth, hand on forehead, pulling ears, holding throat, rubbing arm, grimacing
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pain in school age signs
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regress, clenched hands, clenched teeth, guarding, stoic
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non-pharmocological pain management
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distraction, hypnosis, aromatherapy, music, yoga, meditation, accupuncture, massage, heat or cold
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IV fluid admin to children
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pump, microdip tubing, check hourly
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danger of IO infusion
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osteomyelitis & infection
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physical assessment on a child?
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noninvasive 1st, then heart & lungs
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normal parameters on G&D?
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5-95th% are normal
< are under wt, > are over wt |
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ADHD def
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developmentally inappropriate degrees of inattention, impulsiveness, & hyperactivity
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ADHD manifestations
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fidgets, difficulty staying still, easily distracted, blurts out, fails to finish, difficulty sustaining attention, excessive talking, interrupts, not listening, physically dangerous activities
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ADHD school related manifestations
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difficulty with concepts, conjuction &prepositions, reading & spelling, graphesthesia
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ADHD dx
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Wechsler Intelligence scale, Connor scale
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Concerta
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extended release form of Ritalin
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Ritalin MOA
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stimulating dopamine receptors to achieve a more regular nerve transmission, stimulates dopamine to calm
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Ritalin S.E.
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nervousness, insomnia, anorexia, tachycardia, hyper/hypotension
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Ritalin effects
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growth suppression, anemia, wt loss, leukopenia
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Ritalin nursing implications
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admin breakfast & lunch (pre 6pm), avoid alcohol, vs, CBC, adequate nutrition, monitor wt, assess growth,
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Ritalin school considerations
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small classes, seat near front, maintain selfesteem, decrease stimuli, frequent breaks, decrease tasks, repeat info, dental hygiene, limit sweets and caffeine
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Dyslexia
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r/o ocular problems, special training
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Cognitive Challenged
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IQ <70 before 18yrs & concurrent deficits in adaptive functioning
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fading
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gradually removing the helper in the task
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shaping
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waiting for desired behavior & reinforce
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Cognitive challenged care in hospital
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based on developemental age, don't isolate or ignore, independence, play, explain on their level
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autism
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abnormal ECGs, epileptic seizures, delayed development, hand dominance, primitive reflexes, metabolic abnormalities, hypoplasia
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individuals may have
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Autism clinical manifestations
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failure social interactions, hand gestures, hand flapping, decreased pain sensitivity, decreased/inappropriate emotional expressions, intellectual problem solving abilities, mocking (echolalia), impaired conversation
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autism tx
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behavior modification programs, SSRis to alleviate anxiety
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Down's syndrome dx prenatal
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Chorionic villi sampling (CVS) & alpha-fetoprotein sampling (AFP)
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Down Syndrome physical features
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flattening of occipital, broad and flat nose, small skin folds at inner corner, almond eyes, upward slanting of eyes, strabismus, brushfield spots, depressed nasal bridge, short braod feet, low set small short ears, protruding tongue
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Down syndrome health concerns to monitor
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cardiac dysfunction, thyroid dysfunction...
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Denver II (DDSTII)
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measurement of child's level of development at 3-4months, 10months, &3yrs
assesses personal-social, fine motor-adaptive, language, gross motor skills doesn't measure intelligence need to be trained to do |
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