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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ToF: chronic cough in young children is common
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false; unusual
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what are the infectious causes of cough in 0-1yrs?
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viral, bacterial, pertusis, chlamydia, bronchiolitis
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what are the non infectious causes of cough in 0-1?
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GER, congenital anomalies, aspriation, BPD, smoke, CF
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what are the infectious causes of cough in 1-5 year olds?
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viral, pertusis, TB, bronchiolitis, mycoplasma
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what are the other causes of cough in 1-5 yrs?
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sinusitis, post nasal drip, asthma, FB, smoke, CF
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what is the number one cause of cough in 6-10 yrs
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asthma
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what are the other causes of cough in 6-10 yrs?
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allergies, post nasal drip, environtmental, CF, smoke
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qhat are the causes of cough in 11-19 yrs
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asthma, infection, allergies, smoking, psychogenic, environmental and CF
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what does the PQRST stand for?
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Provokes, Quality, Related symptoms, timing
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what are the causes of bronchiolitis?
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RSV, parainfluenza, adenovirus, influenza, mycoplasma
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what are the major causes of viral pneumonia?
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RSV, para, adeno, influenza
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what are the bacterial pneumonias?
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strep, staph, pyogenic, h flu
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what are the atypical pneumonias?
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mycoplasma, chlamydia, mycobacterium
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what should be considered for cough with absence of fever or tachypnea?
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URI
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most baceterial pneumonias have __ cough
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productive
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what are the characteristics of viral pneumonia?
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usually milder, more gradual onset, associated with low grade fever
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what are the characteristics of bacterial pneumonia?
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lethargy, poor feeding, ill appearing, vomiting and or diarreha, abd pain (very indicative esp basilar pneumo), tachycardia and tachypnea
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what are the signs to admit a pt with pneumonia?
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hypoxia (<95%); tachypnea or signs of distress, IV-cefuroxime
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what pneumonia pts can be managed outpatient and what is the tx?
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stable, reliable parents, give augmentin with daily follow up
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what are the types of chest xrays to consider for respiratory issues?
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PA and Lateral; PA; soft tissue of neck; decubitus
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what are the Cxray findings for bacterial pneumonia?
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consolidation, air bronchogram, lobar, fluffy infiltrates
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what are the chest xray findings for viral pneumo>?
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peribronchial vascular markings, interstitial pneumo, peribronchial cuffing
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what are the Cxr findings for asthma?
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increased pulmonary vascular markings, peribronchial cuffing
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what are the chest xray findings for CF?
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hyperaeration, increased bronchial marking, nodular cystic densities
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when is a decubitus xray used
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for FB aspiration
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what OTC drug makes asthma worse?
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robitussin
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how do you determine a psychogenic cough?
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not present during sleep
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what disorders give dry, barky cough?
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croup, tracheitis, FB, cough after suppression meds
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what gives a productive lookse cough>
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bronchitis, asthma, pneumo
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what gives a nocturnal cough?
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lower resp infection, asthma, GER, allergic reaction
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what disorders have coughs in the night or early AM?
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asthma and GER
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what disorder has cough suddenly at night?
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croup
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what does TB favor?>
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the right upper lobe
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what are the oral txs for pneumonia?
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augmen, amox cefzil, erythros for atypical, clarythro,
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what are the inpatient abx for pneumonia?
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ceftriaxone, cefuroxime
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children can have up to ___ URIS/year
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12
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what is the def of a URI?
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acute, self limiting viral illness, accompanied by nasal congest, sneezing, sore throat, mild systemic symptoms
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describe the clinical presentation of day 1 and 2 of a URI?
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thin nasal disch, malaise, myalgia, headache, scratchy/sore throat, low grade fever
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what are the later clinical presentations of URI?
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nasal disch becomes thick mucoid, night time cough, post tussive vomiting, symptoms resolve in 5-7 days
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why is sudafed restricted in children?
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can cause SVTs
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what is the ER management of asthma attack?
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albuterol and atrovent with decadron
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what is the dose for decadron?
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0.6mg/kg
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what is the dose for salmuderol?
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2mg/kg
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what are the sxs of asthma?
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cough at night, after exercise, with cold, with laughing
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what are percipitating factors for asthmatics?
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infections, allergies, irritants, weather changes, emotions, sinusitus, GER
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what is the work up for asthma?
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peak flow, CXR
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what is the management for asthma?
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bronchos x 3 back to back with anticholinergic, steroids, Epi, mag sulfate
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what is the goal of therapy for ED management of asthma?
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normal or near normal PERF, and FEV, prevent worse symptoms, avoidance of med side effects
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what is used now for status asthmaticus?
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mag sulfate and terbutaline
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what is the max for salmuderol?
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60mgs
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tof: children under age 6 with pertussis are not contagious?
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true, they cannot spit out the pertussis
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what is the tx for pertussis?
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erythro to entire family
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ToF: infants with pertussis have the whoop?
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false: they have cough with turning red/blue
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what is the work up for pertussis?
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culture nasopharynx and deep nasal secretions for pertusis
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what are the sXS of bronchiolitis?
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acute cough, wheezing, < 2 yrs, no pneumonia on CXR, associated with cough, congestion and fever
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what is the tx for bronchiolitis?
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hydration, bronchodilator (not proven), O2 as needed
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what are the sxs of croup?
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3mons-5yrs; sudden onset; minor uri for one day; sudden onset of cough: barky or seal like; drooling; difficulty breathing; fever up to 105; may be toxic appearing; lasts 5-7 days, stridor, hypoxia
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what are the causes of croup?
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viral
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what is seen on CXR for croup?
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steeple sign. Thumb sign is epiglottis
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what is the tx for croup?
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cool mist, hydration, fever management, vaponephrine, steroids
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what is prelone?
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steroid used in croup for 5-7 days with no taper
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what is the cause of epiglotitis?
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h flu
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what are the sxs of epiglotitis?
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sudden onset, severe diff swallowing, drooling, tripoding, fever, toxic, no uri, thumb sign,
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what is the tx for epiglotitis?
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don't visualize throat, keep calm, get to OR to secure airway, steroids
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what are the SxS of FB?
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sudden onset, usually with cough, can then stop and be fine, resting tachycardia, hx of small objects, NO URI, wheezing on one side (usually the right)
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what is the most common lethal inherited disease in whites?
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CF
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what is the classic triad for dx of CF?
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chronic pulmonary disease, malabsorption secdonary to pancreatic insufficency, elevated conc of sweat electrolytes,
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what are the common SxS of CF in neonates?
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meconium ileus, prolonged obstructive jaundice
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what are the SxS of CF in infants and children?
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persis cough, recurr penumo, bronchitis or wheeze, FTT, bulky stools, rectal prolapse, intussess, edema, anemai hypoprothrombineama, hepatomegaly, nasal polyps, heat intolerance, metabolic alkalosis
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if a child has FTT and chronic respiratory symptoms think __
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CF
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what are the major categories of management for CF?
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nutrition, pulmonary therapy and abx, psychosocial support for fam
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