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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What day does the heart start contracting?
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Day 22
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What does the conus cordis become?
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Future RVOT LVOT
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What does the truncus Arteriosus become?
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Aorta PA
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What does the bulbus cordus become?
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It forms the infundibulum of RV
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What day does the atrial septum form?
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Day 27-37
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What does the sinus venosum become?
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Eustatian valve
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1 Ao arch >
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Disappears
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3 Ao arch>
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Carotid arteries
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6 Ao arch>
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PA, ductus arteriosis
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levocardia
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V apex to left =normal
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Dextrocardia
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apex to right
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Mesocardia
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V is square shaped. sits in middle of chest
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What is mesocardia associated with
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situs ambigosus = cardiac isomerisum
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cardiac situsness is determined by
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RA
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pulmonary situsness is determined by
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R/L lungs
R= 3 lobes shorter L=2 lobes longer |
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Ab situsness determined by
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liver/stomach
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"single" implies corresponding contralateral structure is
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missing
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"double" implies there is a biological component with an absent
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septation
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situs ambiguous
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Ao/IVC on same side of spine
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situs inversis
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Ao/IVC opposite side of spine
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AV valve is always conordant with it's associated ventricles except for
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common ventricle
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Aorta's normal positon is
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posterior and to the right of PA@level of valves
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Dextroposition of Ao is located...and seen in...
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-anterior shift to a position bw right posterior and right lateral
-seen in TOF AVSD |
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Left anterior Ao seen in
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pts with congentially corrected TOF
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L loop>
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ventricular inversion
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D loop>
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Normal
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request form
_,_,_ |
atrial situs, ventricular situs, great vessel stius
AVG |
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atrial situs = SIA options
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solitus, inversus, ambiguous
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ventricular situs= DL options
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D loop, L loop
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great vessel stius=SIDL options
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solitus, inversus, d loop , l loop
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most common ASD
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secundum NOT A PFO
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2nd most common ASD
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primum
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sinus venosus is located and is associated w/
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on top of IAS and posterior to fossa ovalis and is associated w/ PAPVR (so ^P in RA)
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unroof cornary sinus causes communication bw
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R L atrium
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unroof cornary sinus w/ lil holes is called
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fenestrations
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secundum ASD <10% has irreversible
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PHTN
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symptomatic ASD may develop ___ due to dilation of PA n pressure on Bronchi
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aomnia
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Symptoms of ASD
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hyperactive precordia
diastolic murmur due to ^vol slender habitus familal occurance fatigue mild HF |
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shunt will resolve itself if less than
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3 mm by 18 mo only in secundum
3-5mm 85% 5-8 mm80% |
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what are indications for surgery in ASD?
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RV vol overload
shunt ration >2 |
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VSD occurs after __wks of development
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7
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more than 1 VSD is called
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swiss cheese -muscular
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what is found in most chromosomal abnormalities?
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VSD
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Muscular inlet is formed by
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inferior cushion of AV canal and tissue of primitive IVS
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Trabecular is formed by
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primative IVS
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What is the outlet derived from?
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right septal surface from dextrodorso and sinstroventrocrest. The left septal surface comes from superior endocardial cushion
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What is the most common vsd?
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membranous
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What does tricuspid valve septal leaflet close by buldging into IVS?
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Membranous VSD
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Primum ASD, valve abnormalites, complete AV canal defect is associated with
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Inlet/endocardial cushion VSD
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The defect bw outlet and trabecular septum is called
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malalignment VSD
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malalignment VSD is commonly seen in Pts with
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TOF, Truncus ateriosus
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What is another name for outlet VSD?
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supracrystal
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Where is supracrystal VSD located?
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RVOT
lateral inferior to Ao valve |
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Outlet VSD is commonly found in what race?
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Asians
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If VSD is <50% of Ao orfiice it is
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small
mod 50-500% large >100% |
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In VSD, where will there be volume overload?
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LH bc PA is affected
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What causes Ao V prolapse?
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Outlet VSD
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Harsh holosystolic murmur and Split S2 are clinical presentatons of
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VSD
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VSD will close spontanously if less than
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2 cm by 2 yoa
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How do you estimate SPAP?
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take peak TR gradient + 7 mmHG (RAP)
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How do you estimate DPAP?
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Look 4 PI gradient n add 7 mmhg
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How do you get RVSP w/VSD?
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get P grad thru VSD n subtract thru systemic systolic pressure
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risk of endocarditits is found in?
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VSD
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Is the pressure in RV> or < than LV in a restrictive VSD?
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< (L-R shunt)
If nonrestrictive, VSD is ^ and > size of Ao annulus |
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Infundibular pulmonic stenosis can develop in VSD T or F?
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in mod vsd
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what kind of VSD affects the crux of the heart?
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AVSD
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What does complete AV canal defect involve?
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ostium prium ASD, Atrioventricuar AV valve, Inlet VSD, Cleft MV
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What is Down's syndrome ass. w?
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AVSD
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VSD pts present with
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CHF
fatigue dyspnea murmur cardiomegaly biventricular hypertophy |
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vasodilators help keep what open?
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PDA. In fetal life its prastagladins
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