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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What makes the S1 sound?
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close of tricuspid/mitral
open of aortic/pulm |
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What makes S2 sound?
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close aortic/pulm
open tricuspid/mitral |
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What is the difference between adult and fetal heart circulation?
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foramen ovale: connects R & L atria
Ductus arteriosis: connects pulm & aorta Umbilical vein: goes to inferior vena cava; brings O2 to baby from placenta Umbilical arteries: brings deox blood to placenta from descending aorta |
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how many umbilical veins and arteries are there?
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1 vein and 2 arteries
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Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Cause? SS? Tx? |
-hole between 2 atria (patent foramen ovale)
-L to R shunt of blood SS: usu none until older --> fatigue TX: surg when pulm:systolic bllod flow > 2:1 |
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What is the most common congenital heart disease?
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Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
-hole between ventricles |
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What is Ventricular septal defect, what do you hear on exam?
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-hole between ventricles
-HARSH pansystolic murmur: goes through entire systole (obscures S2 sounds) |
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What is Eisenmenger's syndrome?
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when R side overtakes L: blood gets pushed from L to R ventricle
-pulm gets more pressure & thickens making R vent to work harder -so now there is blood flowing from R to L vent |
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Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
-what kind of murmur do you hear? |
ductus arteriosis doesn't close completely
-"machinery murmur" -bounding pulses |
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Coarctation of Aorta
-when does it present and how do you find this? |
presents 4-10 days as ductus arteriosis closes
-narrowing of aorta -diff BP in upper & lower body -weak femoral pulse compared to brachial |
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What are the 4 characteristics of the Tetralogy of Fallot?
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1. ventricle septal defect
2. pulmonary stenosis 3. hypertrophy of R ventricle 4. overriding aorta |
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What is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease?
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Tetralogy of Fallot
-not getting O2 from R to L shunt |
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What is the hallmark sign of tetra of fallot?
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cyanotic spells
-relieved with squatting |
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What is the transposition of great vessels?
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pulm artery and aorta switched positions
-cyanotic and incompatible w/life |
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What are the two benign murmurs?
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venous hum and stills murmur
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venous hum
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murmur from jugular venous system (heard well in neck)
-seashell sound - soft hum -head movement can make disappear or change sounds |
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Stills murmur
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Most common innocent murmur of childhood
-vibratory musical murmur -loudest when lying down |
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What is acute rheumatic fever?
-cause |
complication of group A beta hemolytic strep (S pyogenes)
-shows up from untreated throat infection (1-4wks after) |
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Jones criteria
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to diagnose rheumatic fever
-need 2 major or 1 major and 2 minor MAJOR: carditis, polyarthritis (MC), syndenham chorea (snakelike movement) -Erythema marginatum, Sub Q nodules MINOR: previous rheum fever, polyarthralgia (MC) -fever, labs +, prolonged PR interval on ECG YOU ALSO NEED + STREP INFECTION |
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How do you diag acute rheumatic fever?
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jones criteria
ASO titer (anti strep) via Echocardiogram |
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Marfan's syndrome
-what it is, SS, Dx? |
connective tissue disorder that is autosomal dominant
SS: long finger/toes, hypermobility/dislocate joints -eye problems, scoliosis Dx: arm span > ht, wrist sign -steinberg sign (thumb in palm) -echo |
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What are the risks for Marfan's syndrome?
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Thoracic aortic aneurysm/dilatation
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Are contact sports discouraged in those w/marfan's syndrome? Why or Why not?
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YES
-it inc risk of aortic dissection from inc cardiac output |
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Kawasaki Disease
What? SS? |
-mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome
-can lead to irreversible heart dz & death SS: prolonged fever > 5 days, conjunctivitis (spare limbus) -crack/fissure of lips w/inflamm of mucous membranes -edema of hands & feet |
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What are labs for kawasaki disease?
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thrombocytosis, inc sed/CRP
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What is the Tx for kawasaki dz?
What is the Risk or complications? |
IVIG (immunoglobulin)
comp: heart problems, CORONARY ARTERY ANEURYSM & possible acute MI |
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Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
-what is it? cause? |
-L vent outflow obstruction from thickened septum (intraventricle)
-no blood to aorta so none to body |
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What are the symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
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MC there are none
-syncope, palpitation, dizziness w/exercise -murmur increases when coming up from a squat |
