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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Signs of TCA overdose in children
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-Lethargy
-Drowsiness -Coma -Seizures In adolescents: -Widened QRS -Bundle-Branch Block |
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Management of TCA overdose in children
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ICU monitoring and fragmented Ab
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Signs of acetaminophen toxicity
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-Nausea
-Vomiting -Diaphoresis -RUQ pain -Elevated Liver Enzymes -Liver Failure |
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Treatment for acetaminophen toxicity
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N-Acetylcysteine
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Signs of narcotic overdose
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Respiratory depression
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Treatment for narcotic overdose
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Naloxone
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Jones Criteria for diagnosing Acute Rheumatic Fever
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Major: Carditis, Arthritis, SC Nodules, Erythema Marginatum, Chorea
Minor: Fever, Arthalgia, elongated PR or QT, Elevated ESR, CRP, Elevated WBC, Anemia Diagnosis: -2 major criteria -1 major + 2 minor + signs of recent GAS -Scarlet Fever |
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Components of Tetrology of Fallot
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-Overriding Aorta
-Right Ventricular Outflow Obstruction -RVH -VSD |
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Managing Tetrology of Fallot
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-Morphine sulfate
-Propranolol |
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Heart sound in PDA
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Continuous Machine-like Murmur
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Heart sounds in ASD
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Fixed S2 split and murmur of pulmonic stenosis
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Management for a newborn with a 2nd degree relative that died of early onset cardiac disease
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Screen the parents and evaluate the child after 2 years of age
No intervention needed for child until after 2 - then explore diet and other factors |
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Signs of Hereditary Angioedema
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-Swelling in hands, feet, neck that worsens in adolescents
-Edema in GI tract causing abdominal pain and diarrhea -Laryngoedema as well |
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Cause of Hereditary Angioedema
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Autosomal Dominant mutation in an inhibitor of the first step in the complement cascade; Results in excessive production of vasoactive kinin
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Syndrome that is associated with ASD
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Ellis-van Creveld - 4p16
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Risks of developing a congenital heart disease
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1% in general population but if previous child has one then next child has a risk between 2-6%
-if two children are born with heart defect, risk is now 20-30% next kid will have heart defect |
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Physical exam findings in an ASD
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-Normal Pulses
-Fixed S2 split -Pulmonic stenosis murmur -Palpable right ventricular systolic lift -Usually asymptomatic and pt is healthy appearing unless significant defect |
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Sounds made by VSD
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Holosystolic murmur radiating through precordium; Best heart at LLSB
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Features of Mitral Valve Prolapse
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-Congenital abnormality that typically manifests in adolescent years
-Girls > Boys -Mid-systolic murmur with a click -Autosomal Dominant |
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Distinct feature of Kawasaki's that separates it from other causes of fever, arthalgia, exanthem, adenopathy, and pharyngitis
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Conjunctivitis is unique to Kawasaki's
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Distinct hematologic finding in Kawasaki's Disease
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Elevated platelet count
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Complications of Kawasaki's
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Most dangerous is coronary aneurysm
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Management of Kawasaki's Disease
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IVIG and High-Dose aspirin; IV vancomycin is not given unless blood cultures indicate a bacterial infection
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Presentation of Myocarditis
Causes of Myocarditis |
CHF - pallor, dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia, cardiomegaly
Viral - Coxsackie B, Adenovirus |
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Echocardiogram findings of myocarditis
EKG findings of myocarditis |
-Dilation of the left ventricle and atrium, with decreased output; fibroelastosis would show thickening of the heart and pericarditis would show effusions
-Low voltage complexes; In endocardial fibroelastosis you would see high voltages in the Left Ventricle |
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Causes of CHF with a HR > 250
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Taccyarrhythmia - WPW, congenital heart defect, sympatomimetic drugs
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EKG findings of a SVT
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-High rate ~200s
-Constant rate w/ little variability -P wave with each QRS |
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Complications of prolonged SVT
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CHF - with hepatomegaly and respiratory failure
In the fetus - hydrops fetalis |
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Management of SVT in infants
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Increase vagal tone - carotid massage, cold water immersion, straining;
If measures fail, IV adenosine Verapamil Contraindicated - |
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Valvular abnormality assocated with Ebstein's Anomaly
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Downward displacement of tricuspid valve
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Heart sound associated with Ebstein's anomaly
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-Quadruple Sound - S1-S4
-Tricuspid Regurgitation -Middiastolic Murmur |
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Cardiac structural findings in Ebstein's anomaly
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Right atrial hypertrophy and right heart conduction failure
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Syndrome which frequently accompanies Ebstein's anomaly
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Wolfe-Parkinson-White Syndrome
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EKG findings of WPW
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Shortened PR intervals
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Complications in WPW due to active play or certain OTC medications
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PSVT
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Signs of Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthiritis
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-Spiking Fevers
-Rash -Polyaurticular or Pauciaurticular -Spindle-shaped swelling of finger joints |
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Cardiac structure in tricuspid atresia
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-Hypoplastic Right heart
-Left Ventricular Hypertrophy -Left axis deviation |
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Exam findings in tricuspid atresia
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-Left Ventricle Impulse
-Holosystolic murmur |
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Characteristics of transposition of great arteries
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-Early cyanosis
-Normal-sized heart -Normal pulmonary vasculature -Right Axis Deviation -Right Ventricular Hypertrophy |
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Radiologic findings of TGA
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"Egg on a string"
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Classic radiograph finding of TAPVR below the diaphragm
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"Snowman" pattern
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MVP precautions during dental procedures
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According to AHA, none are required anymore
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Ductus-dependant heart defects
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-Pulmonary Atresia
-TGA -Tetrology of Fallot -Pulmonary Stenosis |
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Syndrome associated with ASD and TOF
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TAR - thrombocytopenia and absent radius
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Clinical Features of Noonan's Syndrome
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-Male Turner's
-Cryptorchidism -Down-slanting palpable fissures -Webbed neck -Shield Chest -Pulmonic Stenosis |
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Clinical Features of Ehlers-Danlos
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-Hyperextensibility
-Hyermobility of joints -Easy brusing -Mitral Valve Prolapse -Aortic Dissection |
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Clinical Features of prolonged QT syndrome
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-Syncope
-Arrhythmia - VFib which can lead to death |
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Syndromes associated w/ Prolonged QT
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-Jervell-Lange-Nielsen (deafness) (AR)
-Romano-Ward (AD) |
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Cardiac complication of neonatal lupus
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Congenital Heart Block
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