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213 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the interview that can assist in distinguishing the drug-free adolescent from one who may be experimenting?
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PACE
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What does the P stand for in PACE?
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Parents, peers, and pot. Question the adolescent concerning his or her parents, relationships with peers, and attitude and exposure to marijuanna
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What does the A stand for in PACE?
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Alcohol, automobiles. Question the adolescent concerning alcohol use and his or her driving record.
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What does C stand for in PACE?
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Cigarette. Discuss the adolescent's smoking history.
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What does the E stand for in PACE?
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Education. Discuss the adolescents attitude and performance in school.
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What are the five I's?
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Image of self
Identity Independence Interpersonal Relationships Intellectual Maturity |
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what is the tendency to attribute life to inanimate objects?
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animism
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what is the condition of a person pretending to be something he/she is not, especially in the area of morals or religion; a false presentation of belief or feeling
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hypocrisy
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what are the common fears of a 3 year old?
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fear of bodily harm, particulary the loss of body parts, other common fears include animals, the dark, and strangers
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what are the common fears of a 4 year old?
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start to fear death
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What type of play do toddlers participate in?
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parallel play, play along side one another but not with each other
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what type of play does the preschool participate in?
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associative play, enjoys participating in group activities, they develop first close peer relationships and first affiliation with adults other than their parents
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what does the adolescent child do when it coms to play?
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tries to belong to unisex cliques, has a best friend and adult crushes, they begin to date and has the need to please the significant peer
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a period of life beginning with the appearance of secondary sex characteristics and ending with cessation of growth and emotional therapy
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adolescence
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what are the ages for the early period of adolescence?
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13-14
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what are the ages for the middle period of adolescence?
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15-16
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what are the ages for the later period of adolescence?
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17-18
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what are the major tasks of adolescence?
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establishing an identity
seperating from family initiating intimacy developing career choices |
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what is the first menstrual period calle?
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menarche
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the stage where reproductve organs become functional and secondary sex characteristics?
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puberty
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what is the female hormone called and what are the male hormones calle?
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estrogens
androgens |
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both sexes produce comparitively equal amounts of ? and ? during childhood.
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estrogen
androgens |
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during puberty ? are secreted into the boodstream in differing portions, more ? in boys and more ? in girls.
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hormones
androgens estrogens |
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one's view of oneself, it fluctuates during this time and is molded by the demands of parents, peers, teachers, and others.
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self concept
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young people who are unable to master confusion and establish an identity become????
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rigid in their action, bewildered or depressed, or they may cling to peer groups long after they need should have been suppressed
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what is displayed in the form of masturbation or playing doctor should be approached in a positive manner?
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sexuality in the preschool child
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teaching socially acceptance behavior much be in the form of rather than .
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guidance
discipline |
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common in both genders during preschool. considered harmless if the child is outgoing, sociable, and not preocupied with an activity
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masturbation in preschool
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parent must ? the behavior and ? the child with some other activity. when it comes to masturbation
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ignore
distract |
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sexual curiosity and is common among adolescences, a need for intimacy of close personal friendship
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mastubation in adolescence
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what often occurs as a response to peer pressure, as a learning experience to satisfy curiosity, or as a means of gaining a feeling of being loved and cared about?
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sexual experimentation
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with sexuality in the adoescent advise the parents to discuss problems ??
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openly
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?directed toward young people often centers on sexual themes
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music
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adolescents are initiating their sexul activity at increasingly ages.
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younger
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sexual curiosity and ? are common among adolescents, a need for ? of close personal friendships.
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masturbations
intimacy |
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school-aged child is referred to as ? stage of industry?
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Eriksons
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What stage does the child have an ardent thirst for knowledge and accomplishment?
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Eriksons stage of industry
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At this stage the child uses skill and knowledge they obtain to attempt to master sports, music, etc.
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stage of industry
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Uncessful adaption in this stage can lead to a sense of inferiority
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stage of industry
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what piaget calls the thought processes of school-aged child
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concrete operations
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This stage involves logical thinking and an understanding of cause and effect
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concrete operations
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In this stage the child is able to understand the point of view of others
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concrete operations
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this stage the child can concentrate on more than one aspect of a situation at a time
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concrete operations
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seen when on touches the palms of the infant's hands and flexion occurs
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grasp reflex
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occurs by age 7 to 9 months, a protective arm extension that occurs when an infant is suddenly thrust downward when prone
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parachute reflex
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by age 1 year the corrdination of index finger and thumb is well-established
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pincer grasp
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the abliltiy to grasp objects between the fingers and the opposing thumb, occurs slightly later (age 5 to 6 months) and follows orderly sequence of developement
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prehension
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what age can the infant hold his/her chin up, hand held closed, and is able to focus on sharply contrasted angled mobile above
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1 month
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what age can the infant hold his/her chest up and elevate self with arms, hand held open most of the time, and selectively responds to patterns, colors. imitates expressions, and is self-centered, prefers to look at familiar sites.
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2 month
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what age can the infant roll over at his/her own will, reaches for overhead objects with fingers, with hit and miss action, perceies differences in facial expressions
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4 months
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what age does an infant sits alone momentarily, picks up toy with a squeeze action
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5 months
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what age can an infant sit alone steadily with hands forward for support, grasps with thumb on one side and 3 fingers on the other, and can distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar sight, seperation anxiety begins, sees self and parent as one
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6 months
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what age does an infant sit with support, pulls to a standing position, thumb and index finger can hold object without pressing it into palm, can transfer from one hand to another, and can distinguish happy from fearfull face
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8 months
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what age does the infant creep, uses finger to explore what eye sees, has hand-mouth coordination, fears strangers, recognize self as seperate from parent
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9 months
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what age can an infant walk when led, can let 1 toy go at a time, separation anxiety peaks
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10 months
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when can an infant stand alone and can sit from standing position, pincer action enables infant to pick up small objects
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11 months
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what age can the infant walk 3 steps, hand obeys direction from mind, aim is poor but can place toy in pan, can attempt to feed self, goal corrected partnership enables infant to grasp onto parent because he or she anticipates being left with stranger
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12 months
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infant can walk up stairs with support, mind is 100% in control of hands, places round peg in round hole, builds tower of 2 cubes
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15 months
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what is a common concern and can cause discomfort to the infant
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diaper rash
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parents should be taught the important of frequent diaper changes, how to wipe from front to back, and importance of exposing the skin in the diaper area to the air for periods of time to prevent ??
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diaper rash
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child will let mother out of sight without anxiety and rage because she has become an inter certainty as well as an outer perctibility is which one of eriksons stage?
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infancy: turst/mistrust
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trying out own powers of speech. beginning acceptance of reality verses pleasure principle
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toddler: autonomy/shame and doubt
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what stage is it when a child is questioning and exploring own body and environment, differentiation of sexes
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Preschool: intiative/ guilt
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learning to win recognition by producing things, exploring collection, learning to relate to own sex
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school age: industry/inferiority
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moving toward heterosexuality, selecting vocation, beginning separation from family, integrating personality
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adolescence: identity/role diffusion
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what are warning signs for depression in teens?
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change in school performance, appearance and behavior
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if a parent doesn't catch the warning signs of depression it can lead to??
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drug use and sucide
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children left unsupervised after school is called
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latch key kids
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when a kid is a latch key kid they have a higher rate of and feeling
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accidents
isolated |
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some latch key kids enjoy ?and become skilled in ?
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problem solving
self care |
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what should be available if you are going to leave your kids home alone?
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a back up adult and try to get your kids in after school programs
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what does the female athlete triad include?
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an eating disorder
amenorrhea (absence of mensis) osteoporosis |
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who should be looking for signs of the female athlete triad?
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coaches, parents, and nurses
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if the signs for female athlete triad aren't noticed what can happen?
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long-term complications can occur
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involuntary urination after the age at which bladder control should have been established?
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enuresis
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what are some causes of enuresis?
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stressful events, organic causes such as urinary tract infections, diabetes mellitus, seizure disorders, maturation delay of the nervous system or small bladder capacity.
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what should the nurse teach parents with kids that have enuresis?
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should teach that the relapse of enuresis is common in children
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what are the two types of enuresis?
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primary enuresis
secondary enuresis |
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bed-wetting in a child who has never been dry
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promary enuresis
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recurrence in a child who has been dry for a period of 1 year or more
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secondary enuresis
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what friends are common and normal during preschool age?
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imaginary friends
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friends serve many purposes in helping the child to adjust to an expanding world, increased independence, relief from loneliness, mastery of facts and a scapegoat
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imaginary friends
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where children relate to everything to themselves, and have difficulty seeing any other point of view
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egocenteric thinking
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piagets stage of school age children, involves logical thinking and understanding cause and effect
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concrete operations
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is normal child behavior to actual, supposed or threatened loss of affection
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jealousy
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when children are jealous they love their new but resent their pressence.
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sibling
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is strongest for a new sibling for children under 5, they might identify with or hurt the
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jealousy
infant |
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when it comes to jealousy the parents need to prepare the child for the ??
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arrival of the new baby
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what are the four areas of the denver 2 test?
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personal-social
fine motor language gross motor |
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voluntary control of anal and urethral sphincters begins at about to months
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10
24 |
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how do you tell if a child has been properly potty trained?
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waking up dry in the morning
be able to communicate that they are wet or need to urinate or defecate willing to sit on potty for several minutes |
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it is important for a nurse to tell the parents to not potty train in times of
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illness, moving, and stress
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what age do these characteristics describe....oral stage...sucking
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infant
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what age do these characteristics describe....head lag, hands at mid-line
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1 month
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what age do these characteristics describe....holds head errect breifly, social smile
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2 months
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what age do these characteristics describe....grasp reflex, which disappears around this age, carries hands to mouth
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3 months
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what age do these characteristics describe...laughes aloud, lifts head while on abdomen
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4 months
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what age do these characteristics describe... picks up a toy, sits alone momentarily
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5 months
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what age do these characteristics describe... grasps, discovers feet
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6 months
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what age do these characteristics describe... standing with assistance
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7 months
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what age do these characteristics describe.... pulls to standing position, sit steady, plays pat-a-cake
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8 months
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what age do these characteristics describe... creeps, walks along furniture, fears strangers
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9 months
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what age do these characteristics describe...walks when led, seperation anxiety peaks
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10 months
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what age do these characteristics describe... stands, pincer action, drinks from a sippy cup, first word
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11 months
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what age do these characteristics describe... attemps to feed self, stands alone, walks with assistance, clings to parent
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12 months
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what age do these characteristics describe... walks up stairs with support, mind 100% in control of hands
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15 months
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what age do these characteristics describe.... pincer grasp
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1 year
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what age do these characteristics describe... less aggressive, two word sentences
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2 years
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when does the motor, social, and cognitive abilities occur when?
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3 to 5 years, pre-school age
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when does the want to please parents, egocenteric, and the wanting to help occur?
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3 years
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when can a child count to 5, experience sibling rivalry, uses logic with thinking, and is imaginative at age
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4 years
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when does the child begin to like rules but poor looser, can print first name, and knows name and address
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5 years
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when does the children start to experience fact and fantasy?
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6-12 years, school age
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when is a child very active, loses temporary teeth, plays with opposite sex
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6 years old
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when is a child quieter, teases others, is independent, adventurous, and can tell time
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7 years
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what age does a child enjoy group activities, and has heros
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8 years
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when does a child start to worry and mild compulsions (tics), sleeps 10 hours and enjoys competitive sports
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9 years
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when does preadolescence start to occur?
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10 years
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At what age does a child start to pay more attention to appearance, abstract numbers, and becomes independent
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10 year
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when does a child experience complete disorganization, concentration decreases, girls tomboyish
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11 to 12 years
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when does adolescence occur?
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10-13
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when do hormonal changes start to occur and the child starts to feel awkward?
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10 to 13 years
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what are the dietary needs for an infant?
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milk/formula/fats
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when can a child first eat rice cereal?
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4-6 months
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when can a child first have whole milk?
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1 year
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when can a child get introduced to lo fat milk?
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2 years
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the deficiences of iron, vit A, and riboflavin are most common in what age
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6-7 years
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6-7 year olds need ml water and g protien
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100
3 |
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the deficiences of calcium, iron, and thiamine are common at what age?
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8-10
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when a male is between the age 11-12 years old they need calories
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2500
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when a female is between the ages of 11-12 they need calories?
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2250
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deficiences in calcium, iron, vit B-12 and zinc are common in
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adolescent
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adolescents need frequent , , and plenty of
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meals
nurtrients calories |
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adolescents need a rapid supply of
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carbohydrates
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what are vegetarians that eat no animal protien, eggs, or dairy at risk for?
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deficiences in protein, vit b 12, iron, calcium, iron, iodine, and zinc
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1/3 of all children in the US are?
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overweight
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what is obesity related to?
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diet and inactivity
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a BMI over in children 5 to 9 years old evidences an overweight problem
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18
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a BMI over ? to? for 13-17 year old evidences an overweight problem
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22
24 |
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weight doubles by age months and triples by age
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6 months
1 year |
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height increases by inch per month for the first 6 months to inches by 1 year
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1
29 |
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what are the major aspects of cognitive development in the first year of life?
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seperation,
object permanence and symbols |
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what physical changes occur in the toddler?
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acquisition of fine and gross motor skills, increased mobility and increased hand-eye coordination
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what are the cognitive achievements of the toddler?
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language
comprehension |
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which one of Eriksons stage occurs durring the toddler age?
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Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
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3-5 year olds grow ? and loses the chubbiness of the toddler period
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taller
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what stage are preschoolers in?
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preconceptual and intuitive thinking
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what develps rapidly in the preschool period
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language
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what type of play does the preschooler participate in?
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cooperative and highy imaginative play
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myelinization of the brain is complete by age
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7
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is slow until the spurt that occurs directly before puberty
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growth
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which of Eriksons stage are the school aged children in?
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stage of industry or accomplishment
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what are the major developmental tasks of the adolescent?
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establish a sense of identity, separating from family, initiating intimacy, and making career choices
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adolescence is seperated into 3 groups...what are they
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early 13-14,
middle 15-16 late 17-18 |
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which one of Eriksons stages are adolescence in?
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identity vs. role confusion
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what stimulates enlargement of gonads and secretion of sex hormones?
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gonadotropin
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boys puberty starts between the ages of
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10-13
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girls puberty starts between the ages of
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12-13
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secondary sex characteristics begin to develop before for girls
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menarche
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genitalia grow for both in the process of puberty
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sexes
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starts to develop in pubic areas and axillae, also the face for boys during the process of puberty
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hair
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?develops on the breasts, thighs,and hips for girls during the puberty process
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fat
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the deepens, and is produced in boys during the purbery process
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voice
sperm |
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the shoulders and pectoral mucsle for boys during the puberty process
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widen
enlarge |
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what is this type of discipline called...
one minute per year of age no interaction during this time use short explanation of why it is necessary to be in this type of punishment |
time out
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this type of discipline is when you ? the child for good behavior.
this is a positive and effective method of discipline this can be done with hugs, smiles, tone of voice, and praise |
reward
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it is suggested that parents establish a general style for what, when, how, and to what degree punishment is appropriate for misconduct
this must exist between the parents and all the care givers |
consistency
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sucking is considered normal behavior
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thumb
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thumb sucking increases ? gain, decreases ? , does not have detrimental effect on ? as long as discontinued before ? teeth erupt
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weight
crying teeth second |
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characterized by period f unexplained irritablility and crying in a healthy, well-fed infant.
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colic
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to sooth the colicy baby you must hold the baby ? down and close to your ? while supporting the ? and providing gentle ? motion
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face
body abdomen rocking |
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To avoid skin breakdown when changing a baby and preventing diaper rash you must use
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mild soap and water
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what medication can a nurse recommend to a mother if their baby has diaper rash?
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desitin
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when talking to the toddler the adult should be at with the child so that adult seems less .
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eye level
overwhelming |
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it is important to talk to a toddler at eye level, especially when the child is in a ? provoking environment such as the hospital
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fear
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play is a very important for the ? , ?, , ? and ? development of both healthy and sick children
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physical
mental emotional social |
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the role is to provide activities that relieves stress and provides enjoyment for the child
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nurses
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what are the types of play?
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play and the handicapped child
therapeutic play play therapy art therapy |
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a mentally impaired child needs more stimulation than an average child, but take in considerations the childs...........age rather than the............age
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play and the handicapped
mental chronological |
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values in retaining muscle, improving eye-hand coordination, and can help children crawl and walk with push-pull toys
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therapeutic play
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what type of play is used for a child whom is under stress
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play therapy
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what type of play is useful in communicating with children and adults
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art therapy
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what can you not feed an infant until they are 1 years old? and until they are 2?
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orange juice, fish, strawberries, eggs, and chocolate, and dairy products
honey |
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toddlers who spend most thier time are more likely to develop allergies
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indoors
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the most common offendor for allergis in the toddler period is
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cats
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what reduces cat dander for allergies?
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3 % tanic acid spray
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what are inappropriate pets for kids to have?
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birds, rodents, turtles, and reptiles
cats |
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why are birds, rodents, turtles, and reptiles and cats not good pets to have?
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they cannot be screened for potential pathogens, have few vaccines, and are most likely to transmit diseases
cats cause many allergies |
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what kind of pet will make an appropriate for kids? and why?
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poodles because they don't have a shed cycle
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what do nurses need to teach parents about toys?
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toys need to be inspected for safety and for damage
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toys should be suitable for the , , and of the individual child
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age, skills, and abilities
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what is known as the toddlers work?
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play
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what type of toys are best and some examples?
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simple toys
pots, pans, books, toys that require children to move around, manipulate, and use their senses |
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what order an individual fits in their family
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ordinal position
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how does the ordinal position go?
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oldest, middle, youngest
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the oldest child or only children may excel in development
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language
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oldest children usually have ? expectataions from their parents
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higher
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if youngest child is ? it could prolong ? development
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babied
motor |
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a ritual that marks a change in a persons social status
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rites of passage
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what is an example of a spiritual rite of passage?
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bar mitzvah
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is normal for adolescence, since adolescence is a lonely, in-between age, helps fill the void.
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daydreaming
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adolescence can imagin acting out what they would do and say in certain situations, this is called
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day dreaming
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can help prepare adolescence to deal with others in real life situations
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daydreaming
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adolescence create they believe everyone is looking at them
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imaginary audience
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with self is normal and accounts for the constant hair combing and make-up reparing often observed in a group of adolescents
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preoccupation
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?adolescence try to hide their changing boyd or may advertise it
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young
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adolescences take in their abilities or feel ? when their actual abilities do not match their preceived abilities
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frustrated
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?or ? may complicated or exacerbate unresolved problems of body image
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chronic illness
eating disorders |
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infant seats (less than 1 year/less than 22 pounds)
car seats (back seat) fall prevention, toy safety are all types of saftey for? |
infants
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accidents kill more children than disease, automobile, burns, fall, and suffocation, drowning, poisoning, electric shock, animal bites, take percautions with all this for the age group??
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TODDLERS
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accidents, automobiles, burns, car seats, or restraints, poisoning are saftey issures for what age
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preschool age
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latchkey child is at a high risk for accidents because they are left alone and is a saftey issue for what age
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school age
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chief hazard is automobile is a saftey issue for what age
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adolescent
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