Peds 3: Mitchell/seizures

Front 1

What causes most seizures in children?

Back 1

Most are caused by somatic disorders originating OUTSIDE the brain (e.g. fever, infection, trauma, hypoxia, syncope, toxins, cardiac arrhythmias

Front 2

What causes <1/3 of seizures in children?

Back 2

epilepsy (seizure disorder).

Front 3

This type of seizure is caused by rapid rise in temperature (>102F).

Back 3

Febrile Seizures
(peak @ 14-18 mo)

Front 4

Charateristics of ______ seizures:
--Duration = few secs10 mins (max 15)
--Generalized tonic-clonic
--Brief post ictal phase
--No repetition of seizure same day

Back 4

Febrile Seizures (MCC of childhood seizure)

Front 5

Childhood seizure characterized by sudden cessation of body activity and speech accompanied by blank stare +/- flickering of eyelids.

Back 5

Absence (Petit Mal) Seizures

Front 6

Absence seizures typically last 30 ____, greater incidence in girls, and onset is between 5-12 yo.

Back 6

seconds

Front 7

Which seizure's EEG shows a a 3-cycle/sec spike-wave pattern?

Back 7

Absence (Petit Mal) Seizures

Front 8

Prognosis of Absence seizures?

Back 8

Nearly 90% become seizure free if of normal intelligence, with normal neurological exam, normal background EEG, and no personal or family history of other types of seizures

Front 9

Treatment of Absence seizures?

Back 9

1. Ethosuximide (anti-convulsant)
2. Clonzaepam, nitrazapam
3. Valproic Acid

Front 10

What are two conditions that MIMIC epilepsy in children?

Back 10

1. Cyanotic Spells

2. Pallid spells

Front 11

This childhood condition that mimic epilepsy occurs suddenly during sleep, the child appears TERRIFIED, and can be caused by inadequate sleep.

Back 11

Night Terrors

Front 12

What are some common sources of lead?

Back 12

1. lead in house paint, batteries, glazed crockery cookware, lead pipes or brass fittings, spices purchased abroad…
2. Also PASSIVE transfer through the placenta

Front 13

Neurotoxin associated with decreased scores on cognitive testing (lifelong), distractibility, impulsivity, decreased organizational ability, reading disability, aggressive behavior

Back 13

Lead

Front 14

Current evidence indicates measurable intellectual deficits at levels < ______ mcg/dL (0.48 mcmol/L) of Lead

Back 14

10.

Current acceptable BLL (1991) by the CDC and AAP are 0-10 mcg/dl

Front 15

High fetal doses of _________ MR, spastic paralysis, fetal death; lower doses  deficits in neuromotor performance, memory, language, cognition

Back 15

Mercury

Front 16

Common sources of mercury?

Back 16

coal-burning power plants and incinerators

Front 17

Banned in the USA since the 1970’s. but residues persist. They have a long half-life, are lipophilic, ascend in the food chain, cross the placenta freely

Back 17

PCB’s (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)

Front 18

High-level fetal exposure low birth weight, DARK skin pigmentation, early tooth eruption, acneform rash, death. Survivors exhibit delays in sensory-motor and cognitive abilities and behavioral disorders

Back 18

PCB’s (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)

Front 19

Exposure ubiquitous, but occurs mostly @ HOME!

Back 19

Environmental Tobacco Smoke

Front 20

What common neurotoxin can cause SIDS?

Back 20

Environmental Tobacco Smoke

Front 21

What group of toxins inhibit brain acetylcholinesterase, decrease brain DNA and RNA synthesis, suppress neurite outgrowth, inhibit cell replication and differentiation  abnormal brain cytoarchitecture?

Back 21

Insecticides

All are designed to be neurotoxic!

Front 22

_____________experiences with the social environment are critical to the development of brain tissue.

Back 22

Early

Front 23

There is a brain growth spurt in the human brain that begins during the __________trimester of gestation and continues through the _____________year of life.

Back 23

last, second

Front 24

This growth spurt is not equal throughout the brain, but is led by the __________brain, which is the dominant brain for the first three years after birth.

Back 24

Right

Front 25

Clinical psychology and psychiatry’s move from cognition to _____________as the central force in psychopathology and psychotherapy

Back 25

emotion

Front 26

Evidence that the brain’s self regulatory mechanisms develop experientially through affective experiences that are embedded in an _____________relationship.

Back 26

attachment

Front 27

What locations of the brain are associated with developing emotion in a child?

Back 27

Right brain-->Affective States

Limbic system--> info to guide behavior, adaptation to new environments, and organize new learning.

Front 28

At ________weeks of age an infant develops a dramatic progression of social-emotional capacity manifest by intense mutual gazing with the primary caretaker (usually the mother)

Back 28

8

Front 29

Synchronized emotional exchange generating increasing levels of joy and excitement (which the mother facilitates by her attunement to the infant’s internal arousal state, regulates, and communicates back to him/her)

Back 29

Self-Regulation (8weeks)

Front 30

The infant brain "learns" or becomes p____________ o_______________ to receive, express, communicate, and to tolerate negative affect/stress.

Back 30

physically organized.

Front 31

Further evidence that early life experience produces actual structural and metabolic brain changes which are permanent is derived from the study of the neurobiology of child ____________.

Back 31

Abuse

Front 32

Because childhood ABUSE occurs during the critical formative time when the brain is being PHYSICALLY sculpted by EXPERIENCE, the impact of severe stress can leave an indelible imprint on its S_______________and F________________.

Back 32

structure

function

Front 33

Therefore, child abuse appears to be a disorder that cannot be ‘cured’ by psychological treatment, but a cycle that must be broken by ______________.

Back 33

prevention