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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vaginal squeeze creates _______ cm H2O
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250
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Initial breath of the newborn infant = _________ cm H20
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80
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Surfactant type 2 pnuemocytes can be seen at how many weeks
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32 weeks
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List the 5 stages of Freud's "psychosexual" theory
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oral
anal oedipal phallic latency puberty and genital |
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List the 5 stages of Erikson's "psychosocial" theory
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basic trust
autonomy vs shame and doubt initiative vs guilt industry vs inferiority identity vs role confusion |
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List the 5 stages of Piaget's "cognitive theory"
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sensorimotor
sensorimotor / egocentric thought pre-operational concrete operational formal operational |
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What drugs are used to prolong neuroaxial blockade
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versed, neostigmine, tramadol, ketamine and clonidine
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categories of the DDST include
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gross motor
fine motor language personal-social |
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What are the earliest motor neuromaturational markers
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primitive reflexes
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Foramen ovale achieves
functional closure = permanent closure= |
functional = immediately
permanent = 5-7 days |
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The "ductus Arteriosus" achieves:
functional closure = anatomical closure = |
functional = in hours
anatomical = 2 weeks |
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BSA for a full term infant =
BSA for an adult = |
0.2m (2)
1.75m (2) |
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Equation for BSA
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(002 x kg) + 0.40
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Caloric need:
full term infant: 2 yr/old: Adult: |
term = 30 kcal/m2 per hour
2 yr/old = 50 adult = 35-40 |
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Formation of adult-type alveoli at _____ wks "post-conception"
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36 weeks
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spinal cord extends to:
at birth: at 1 yr: |
birth = L3
1 yr = L1 |
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When is the SNS fully developed
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4-6 months after birth
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Premature infant is defined as
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< 37 wks
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______% of all births in the U.S. are premature
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12.8%
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ranges of weight:
MLBW = VLBW = ELBW = |
MLBW = 1500-2499 gm
VLBW = < 1500 gm ELBW = < 1000 gm |
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Stage of development:
development of major airways |
Embryonic
26 days - 6 weeks |
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Stage of development:
development of airways to terminal bronchioles |
Pseudoglandular
6-16 weeks |
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Stage of development:
development of acinus and its vascularization |
acinar or canalicula
16-28 wks |
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Stage of development:
subdivision of saccules by secondary crests |
saccular
28-34 wks |
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Stage of development:
alveolar acquisition (alveolarizaiton) |
alveolar
34-39 weeks |
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What condition does this define:
need for supplemental O2 and abnormal CXR at 36 wks |
BPD
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Changes in MAC - peaks around what age? then decreases
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around 30 days
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80% of pediatric arrest are primarily due to?
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resp. distress
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Majority of arrest occur at what age
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< 1year
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_______ is composed of the hyoid bone and a series of cartilages
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larynx
3 single and 3 paired |
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name the single cartilages that compose the larynx
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thryoid, cricoid, epiglottis
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name the paired cartilages that compose the larynx
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arytenoids, corniculates, and cuneiform
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sensory innervation to the larynx is provided by which two nerves
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recurrent laryngeal nerve - infraglottic larynx
internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve = supraglottc |
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Motor innervation to the larynx
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external branch of superior laryngeal nerve = cricothryoid
recurrent laryngeal nerve = all other |
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blood supply to the larynx is supplied by
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superior and inferior thyroid arteries
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uncuffed ETT preferred for patients < than....
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< 8 years old
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fully developed cricoid cartilage occurs at _______ years of age
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10-12
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what type of pneumocytes are flat and form tight junctions that interconnect the interstitium
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type 1
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pneumocytes that are more numerous, resistant to oxygen toxicity, and are capable of cell division to produce type 1 pneumocytes
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Type II
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Pulmonary surfactant is produced by
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type II pneumocytes at 24 wks GA
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Infant O2 consumption =
Adult O2 consumption = |
infant = 6 ml/kg/min
adult = 3 ml/kg/min |
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minute alveolar ventilation is more dependent on?
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rr than tidal volume
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If radius of the airway is halved, then ressistance increases by
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16
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formula for uncuffed ETT
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(age in years/4) + 4
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formula for cuffed ETT
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(age in years/4) + 3
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ETT depth (lip)
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ETT size x 3
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complication that occurs in 90% of prolonged endotracheal intubations
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laryngotracheal (subglottic) stenosis
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ETT cuff pressure needs to be kept below?
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25 cm H2O
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What is the most common type of tracheoesphageal fistula
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blind esophageal pouch with a fistula between the "trachea and the distal esophagus"
87% |
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Complete nasal obstruction of the newborn
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choanal atresia
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autosomal recessive syndrome with mandibular hypoplasia, micrognathia, cleft palate, retraction of inferior dental arch and glossptosis
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pierre robin
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mandibulofacial dysotosis:
cheek bone and jaw bone underdeveloped external ear anamolies, drooping lower eyelid, unilateral absent thumb |
treacher collins
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what is the common age group that gets Epiglottis
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2-6 years
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What is the Etiology of epiglottis
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haemophilus influenzae type B
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What is the Etiology of Croup
age range? |
parainfluenza virus
3 months to 3 years "barking cough" |
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autosomal dominant syndrome, with macroglossia, exomphalos, and giantism
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beckwith-wiedemann syndrome
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Order in which the Mapleson circuits are less likely to produce rebreathing during "spont. ventilation"
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All Dogs Can Bite
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Order in which the Mapleson circuits are less likely to produce rebreathing during "controlled ventilation"
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Dog Bites Can Ache
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too small of a BP cuff does
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falsely increases BP measurement
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Too large of a BP cuff does
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falsely decreases BP mearurement
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Used to assess balance between delivery and consumption of O2
normal range = |
mixed venous oxygenation
65-75% |
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GFR and renal plasma flow is what at week 1
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only 25%
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urine/kg/hr for newborns should be
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0.4 - 4 ml urine/kg/hr
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EEG
decreased frequency with increased amplitude = |
ischemic event to cortex
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EEG
Widespread frequency slowing and decreased amplitude = |
brainstem ischemia
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______ monitors "ascending activity in the spinal cord"
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SEP
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_____ monitors "descending activity in the spinal cord"
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MEP
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A decrease in ____ degrees celcius in the environmental temp is sufficient to double oxygen consumption in a full term infant
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2 C
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Rate of heat loss is _x that of an adult
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4x
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Microdrip infusion set = how many drops/ml
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60
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Standard infusion sets = how many drops/ml
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15
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