Pediatrics Pretest F/c's Ii

Front 1

tx of Bell's palsy

Back 1

just maintaining moisture to affected side's eye

Front 2

Age of smiling, cooing

Back 2

2mo

Front 3

age of following moving toy

Back 3

3mo

Front 4

maintain seated position

Back 4

6-8mo

Front 5

lift head 45deg from prone position

Back 5

3mo

Front 6

age of copying a circle/cross

Back 6

3y (crude square and circle = 4-5yrs)

Front 7

JRA also has this

Back 7

Uveitis

Front 8

% of girls with pauciJRA that have eye manifestation (iridocyclitis

Back 8

20%

Front 9

All children with what pauciarthritis must get what?

Back 9

slit-lamp test for uveitis/eye manifestation

Front 10

circumoral erythematous rash, peeling of epidermis, high fever?

Back 10

Staph scalded skin syndrome

Front 11

tx of SSSS?

Back 11

1deg ceph to cover s. aureus and localized skin care

Front 12

Normal Spec gravity of infants' urine is?

Back 12

Lower...b/c cant concentrate urine as well.

Front 13

neutropenia definition?

Back 13

Mild neutropenia (1000 <= ANC < 1500) — minimal risk of infection
Moderate neutropenia (500 <= ANC < 1000) — moderate risk of infection
Severe neutropenia (ANC < 500) — severe risk of infection.

Front 14

what is a stab / band?

Back 14

non-differentiated wbc = elevated in infection b/c body is kicking out more wbc's. Or elevated in leukemia, cancer.

Front 15

cause of increased platelets? ... level at which hypercoagulability is seen?

Back 15

ANY inflammation causes this... if >1million = hypercoagulable state

Front 16

In DIC, what are the platelet levels?

Back 16

LOW b/c being used up

Front 17

Hordeolum vs chalazia?

Back 17

H = infection of the sebaceous glands at the base of the eyelashes with STAPH A!.[1] Styes are similar to chalazia, but tend to be of smaller size and feel much more painful and usually produce no lasting damage.TX: warm compresses; remove eyelash


C=caused by inflammation of a blocked meibomian gland, usually on the upper eyelid. PAINLESS, TX = warm compresses 4x/day for 15mins

Front 18

unilat/bilat Red conj, 'large' eye +constant tearing

Back 18

Glaucoma

Front 19

bump over tear duct due to tear duct inflammation?

Back 19

dactrocystitis

Front 20

treatement for Rickettsia in kids?

Back 20

Doxycycline (=same as tx for Lyme disease or any other tick-borne infection)

Front 21

firm, discrete, red or brown telangiectatic papules located in the nasolabial folds, chin, and cheeks.

Back 21

Adenoma sebaceum in tuberous sclerosis

Front 22

Angiofibromas are later findings in?

Back 22

tuberous sclerosis

Front 23

White forelock + deafness + heterochromia (eyes different colors)

Back 23

Waardenburg syndrome

Front 24

Linear arrangement of papules, oozing, crusting vesicles

Back 24

Contact dermatitis (poison oak/ivy)

Front 25

Tooth decay + scleral discoloration?

Back 25

O. imperfecta

Front 26

Blueberry muffin rash (purpura +petechia) and cataracts, sensorineural deafness

Back 26

Rubella (and heart murmur....Rubella is only TORCHES with heart anomaly, = PDA!!

Front 27

treatmetn for cat bites (and human bites)

Back 27

Amoxy + clavulinic acid
(Augmentin) (pasteurella sensitive to penicillin)

Front 28

treatmetn for cat bites (and human bites) if allergic to penicillin?

Back 28

Clindamycin + Bacrim

Front 29

Pathogen in cat bite?

Back 29

P. multicoda

Front 30

Bowing of legs + cupping, fraying of metaphyses, greenstick fractures?

Back 30

think Rickets (Vit D deficiency)

Front 31

Toddlers legs vs adolescent's legs in Rickets

Back 31

Toddlers: Bowed legs (genu varum)
Older children: Knock-knees (genu valgum) or "windswept knees"

Front 32

Dome shaped papules, waxy surface?

Back 32

Molluscum contagiosum

Front 33

floppy baby syndrome think?

Back 33

Acute = honey/ botulism
Chronic = hypotonia or RICKETS!!

Front 34

treatment for Rickets?

Back 34

HGH, phosphates and vitamin D. Exposure to ultraviolet B light (sunshine when the sun is highest in the sky), cod liver oil, halibut-liver oil, and viosterol are all sources of vitamin D.

Front 35

Spiral fracture: must always think?

Back 35

child abuse

Front 36

M/C Salter-Harris fracture?

Back 36

Type II = through growth plate AND metaphysis, sparing the epiphysis

Front 37

faint, tell-tale "mosaic lines" between the archilles tendons and the calve muscles.

Back 37

Ichthyosis vulgaris = dry, scaly skin.

Front 38

diaper area rash may be?

Back 38

seborrheic dermatitis, diaper dermatitis (Diaper Dermatitis Tx:
1. Topical nystatin
2. Systemic antifungals (fluconazole)),
if persistent, may be acrodermatitis enteropathica due to zinc deficiency

Front 39

a rare genetic disease characterized by the presence of extremely fragile skin and recurrent blister formation, resulting from minor mechanical friction or trauma

Back 39

epidermolysis bullosa

Front 40

acute onset of malar-looking rash that's not lupus?

Back 40

E infectiousum = 5th disease

Front 41

characteristic lesions that are dark-brown and fixed; Red or brown spots are often seen on the skin, typically around the chest and forehead after irritation

Back 41

Urticaria pigmentosum = mast cells, when irritated (e.g. by rubbing the skin, heat exposure), produce too much histamine, triggering an allergic reaction that leads to hives localized to the area of irritation, sometimes referred to as Darier's sign.

Front 42

common rash in infants.[1] It appears in up to half of newborns carried to term, usually between day 2-5 after birth; small pustular lesions on reddened base ...?

Back 42

Erythema toxicum

Front 43

Huge dark pigmentation covering entire trunk?

Back 43

Congenital melanotic nevus = must remove! 10-15% --> cxr!

Front 44

white patches on the skin, which may cause scarring on and around genital skin in women; around and after menopause

Back 44

lichen sclerosis

Front 45

treatment of lichen sclerosis

Back 45

potent steroids, which may cause relief and prevent scarring. Other options are cryotherapy, and laser therapy

Front 46

yellowish, patchy, greasy, scaly and crusty skin rash that occurs on the scalp of recently born babies. It is usually not itchy...

Back 46

cradle cap = seborrheic dermatitis.

Front 47

tx for cradle cap

Back 47

1. Shampoo w/ 2% selenium sulfate
2. Zinc Pyrithirone
3. Tar
4. Ketoconazole
5. Topical Hydrocortisone

Front 48

Fever,
Vomiting,
Malaise,
NON-itchy body rash, followed by sores with blisters on palms of hands and soles of feet
Oral ulcer
Sores or blisters may be present on the buttocks of small children and infants

Back 48

H, F, and M disease!!

Front 49

treatment of Hand, Foot, and Mouth disease?

Back 49

none...

Front 50

benign disease of children, generally under two years old, whose manifestations are usually limited to a transient rash ("exanthem") that occurs following a fever of about three day's duration. Rash lasts 1-2 days. Non-itchy.... ?

Back 50

Roseola (exanthem subitem) Note: not to mix up with measles = lasts 1-2 weeks, + conjunctivitis, coryza, and cough

Front 51

Tx of roseola?

Back 51

none/ supportive / treat fever

Front 52

glaucoma + violacious face patch?

Back 52

Sturge-Weber malformation in trigeminal distribution

Front 53

Post -HSV (50%) or antibiotics hypersensitivity skin reaction?

Back 53

Erythema multiforme

Front 54

Continuum of Post -HSV (50%) or antibiotics skin reaction?

Back 54

1 ) E multiforme = <2 mucous membranes involved
2) Steven Johnson syndrome= 2+ m.m's involved and < 10% body involved
3) TENS (Toxic Erythema Necrolysis Syndrome) >30% body involved.
10-30% involvement = continuum b/w 2 and 3

Front 55

Erythema multiforme is 50% due to?

Back 55

HSV infection!

Front 56

NF diagnostic criteria?

Back 56

Need 2+ of:
1)2+ Nfibromas
2) 6+ Cafe-au-lait spots
3) Freckling in axilla/groin
4)Skeletal abnormalities, such as sphenoid dysplasia or thinning of the cortex of the long bones of the body (i.e. bones of the leg, potentially resulting in bowing of the legs)
5) Lisch nodules (hamartomas of iris), freckling in the iris.
6) Tumors on the optic nerve, also known as an optic glioma
7) A first-degree relative with a diagnosis of NF1

Front 57

rash seen as the infant discontinues breast milk: Erythematous patches and plaques of dry, scaly skin. The lesions may appear eczematous, or may evolve further into crusted vesicles , bullas or pustules. The lesions are frequent around the mouth and anus....

Back 57

acrodermatitis enteropathica = zinc deficiency; autosomal recessive

Front 58

treatment of acrodermatitis enteropathica?

Back 58

lifelong dietary zinc supplementation in the range of greater than 1-2 mg/kg of bodyweight per day

Front 59

Erythema chronica migrans?

Back 59

Lyme disease!

Front 60

Only way of posterior rib fracture in kids/babies?

Back 60

Abuse via squeezing

Front 61

M/C association with mumps? (3)

Back 61

#1 = Parotiditis
#2 = meningitis
#3 = Orchitis

Front 62

Varicocele most common side?

Back 62

Left (85%)

Front 63

Which side, L or R, warrants concern in varicocele? What must you check for?

Back 63

Right = check for retroperitoneal mass

Front 64

Tx for ITP in kids with platelets 50,000? with 10,000?

Back 64

if 50,000 = just avoid sulfonamides...should resolve in 6 months.
if 10,000 or less = admit; BM biopsy to rule out csr, then tx with csteroids --> anti-D (may work in Rh+pts but costly), --> splenectomy --> continued pl tfusions if refractory

Front 65

Asthma in-hospital b-agonists?

Back 65

Albuterol, then salbuterol, Lev-albuterol (xopenex), Terbutaline (IV)

Front 66

mech of b-agonist?

Back 66

CAMP --> bdilation

Front 67

how not to give albuterol?

Back 67

in syrup?

Front 68

S/E of b-agonists; short? long?

Back 68

short -tachycardia
long -tremor, arrhythmia

Front 69

which b-agonist has less tachycardia s/e's?

Back 69

Lev-albuterol

Front 70

steroids for inpatient asthma?

Back 70

prednisone, prednisolone (methyl-prednisone), dexamethasone,

Front 71

s/e's of steroids for asthma inpatient?

Back 71

polyphagia.
Long term steroid s/e''s = growth retardation, cushing's

Front 72

3rd line tx for asthma inpatient?

Back 72

methylxanthines

Front 73

example of methylxanthine and mechanism?

Back 73

theophylline
Inhibits CGMP -> SM relaxation

Front 74

example of anticholinergics for asthma?

Back 74

iprotroprium bromide (atravent)

Front 75

Mg sulfate mechanism for asthma inpatient?

Back 75

smooth muscle relaxation

Front 76

ER management for asthma attack?

Back 76

1) O2
2) 3x Albuterol nebulized or inhaled;
3) Continued albut every 2 hrs
4) if not getting better: 2mg/kg steroids
5) Mg sulfate
6) PICU with tertbutaline IV or theophylline IV

Front 77

Other causes of Resp distress in preme besides TTN?

Back 77

HOg, acidosis, sepsis, Ch atresia, pneumonia (NOT as common)

Front 78

Age of maturation of alveoli?

Back 78

36 weeks

Front 79

% of blood going through ductus arteriosus in fetus? % to lungs? % through pulm artery?

Back 79

59% to DA; 8% to lungs; 59+8 = 67 through pulm artery

Front 80

O2 effects on DA? on lungs?

Back 80

increase pO2 causes DA constriction (vs rest of lungs = increased pO2 causes vasodilation.)

Front 81

type of lung disease in RDS?

Back 81

restrictive

Front 82

V/Q disturbances of RDS?

Back 82

V = decreased (shallow breathing); Q = decreased due to shunting (PDA still open)

Front 83

pathological causes of RDS

Back 83

Poor lung development and low surfactant

Front 84

Hyperalbuminemia effects on RDS?

Back 84

albumin inhibits surfactant

Front 85

what's the only muscle that preme's have for respiration?

Back 85

diaphragm

Front 86

Lung xray with atelectasis will show?

Back 86

ground glass appearance, air bronchograms, wedge-shaped regions of opacity on edge of lung

Front 87

hyaline is what?

Back 87

proteinacious gel covering alveoli in late IRDS.

Front 88

Wiskott aldrich signs/sx?

Back 88

1)ecsema
2) recurrent resp infections
3) TCP
4) NO tonsils !

Front 89

anaphylactoid purpura is also known as?

Back 89

HSP

Front 90

encopresis is?

Back 90

defecation in inappropriate locations (ie classroom)

Front 91

common cause of encopresis?

Back 91

retentive encopresis = rectal passage obstructed by large fecal mass; tx is clearing and maintenance w/stool softeners or mineral oil for period of time; behavioral modification

Front 92

Human bite pathogens?

Back 92

staph aureus, strep viridans, bacteroides, anaerobes

Front 93

tx for infected human bite?

Back 93

hospitalization!!!!!!!!!!
+ debridement/vigorous cleaning
+g stain, culture
+AB's (amoxy+clavulinic acid)
+left open for 2ndary intention healing (don't close w/sutures)

Front 94

intensely pruritic rash on flexors of wrists, forearms, inner thighs, and oral mucosa

Back 94

lichen planus

Front 95

Unilateral bowing of leg? and tx?

Back 95

Blount disease; aggressive tx via bracing,

Front 96

repeated microfracture of the tibial tubercle at insertion of patellar tendon?

Back 96

Osgood-Schlatter disease = (chika had) an overuse injury

Front 97

Limp in overweight adolescents?

Back 97

SCFE = slipped capital femoral epiphysis = separation of capital femoral epiphysis from neck of femur!

Front 98

criteria for DM II?

Back 98

1) fasting glu >126 x 2
2) 2 + random glu > 200
3) 1 random glu >200 plus symptoms of DM

Front 99

tx of neonatal acne?

Back 99

usually none; if severe enough use benzoyl peroxide 2.5%

Front 100

tx for OP poisoning? (3)

Back 100

1) g lavage
2) ATROPINE = an anticholinergic that competes for ach receptor
3) cholinesterase-reactivating oximes = PRALIDOXIME

Front 101

scabies tx?

Back 101

permethrin cream

Front 102

pneumonia in 8-hr old newby with low WBC's, rapid onset, and left shift (80% bands) =

Back 102

GBS pneumonia!!!

Front 103

increased size of tibial tuberosity + swelling and pain on use in athlete?

Back 103

Osgood-Schlatter disease

Front 104

strabismus tx? beyond what age?

Back 104

if beyond age 4mo = refer immediately to ophthamologist + patching/glasses will be necessary

Front 105

M/c cause of asphyxiation in babies/children?

Back 105

choking on food!

Front 106

water temp to set for safety in sterilization for infant accessories?

Back 106

49deg C ; not super high to prevent scalding accidents

Front 107

pillows good for crib?

Back 107

NO! infant with poor head control may asphyxiate w/them

Front 108

how to place sleeping infant?

Back 108

on BACK to prevent SIDS

Front 109

infant can:
sit no support,
lean forward and support on arms extended (tripod position)
roll over
attempt to grasp toy beyond reach.

What's his age?

Back 109

6mo

Front 110

Infant can grasp object b/w thumb and forefinger.
What's his age?

Back 110

12 mo

Front 111

tx for eczema?

Back 111

moisturizers and topical steroids

Front 112

Normal Hb of a newborn?

Back 112

18! b/c EPO is upregulated

Front 113

Heme waste products are?

Back 113

heme -- Biliverdin-->Bilirubin unconj --binds to albumin-- Bilirubin cong --liver

Front 114

Severe anemia in utero think?

Back 114

Hydrops fetalis

Front 115

diagnosis of hydrops fetalis?

Back 115

ultrasound

Front 116

Causes of hydrops fetalis 1)immune 2) non immune?

Back 116

1) = Rh disease of newborn
2)(non-immune) = iron def anemia, b-glucaronidase def (a L.S.D.), parvo B19, maternal syphilis, Neimann pick, a thalassemia, Turners

Front 117

Causes of in utero extrinsic malformation

Back 117

oligohydramnios, clubfoot

Front 118

causes of in utero intrinsic malformations

Back 118

vitamin deficiency

Front 119

sequence of in utero extrinsic deformation?

Back 119

Oligohydramnios--flattened face and arthrogrypos (multiple jt contractures, muscle weakness, and fibrosis)--

Front 120

(multiple jt contractures, muscle weakness, and fibrosis) ?name?

Back 120

Congenital Multiplex Arthrogryposis

Front 121

Robin sequence?

Back 121

in in utero malformations: small jaw--palate doesn't close --micrognathia + cleft palate

Front 122

Causes of in utero extrinsic malformation

Back 122

oligohydramnios, clubfoot

Front 123

causes of in utero intrinsic malformations

Back 123

vitamin deficiency

Front 124

sequence of in utero extrinsic deformation?

Back 124

Oligohydramnios--flattened face and arthrogrypos (multiple jt contractures, muscle weakness, and fibrosis)--

Front 125

(multiple jt contractures, muscle weakness, and fibrosis) ?name?

Back 125

Congenital Multiplex Arthrogryposis

Front 126

Robin sequence/syndrome?

Back 126

in in utero malformations: small jaw--palate doesn't close --micrognathia + cleft palate;
* High-arched palate
jaw with significant receding chin
* Jaw placed unusually far back in the throat
* Large-appearing tongue in relation to jaw
* Natal teeth (teeth appearing when the baby is born)
* Recurrent ear infections
* Small opening in the roof of the mouth, which causes choking

Front 127

CHARGE association?

Back 127

Coloboma
Heart defects ie Tet Fallot
Atresia of nasal choanae
Retardation of growth or dev
Genital abnorms and urin defects (hypogonadism)
Ear abnorms or deafness

Front 128

SGA definition for baby?

Back 128

less than 5% wt for pop.

Front 129

what % newby's have 3+ minor abnormalities also have a major congenital abnorm?

Back 129

90%

Front 130

decreased fetal movements may indicate? (2)

Back 130

oligohydramnios,
hypotonia of CP

Front 131

murmur of FAS

Back 131

VSD

Front 132

DDx for grunting in newby?

Back 132

TTN
RDS
Pneumonia/sepsis
aspir blood/meconium
pneumothorax
cardiac abnorms
pulm htn
anemia / PCV
meds ie SSRI taken by mother

Front 133

LGA cused by?

Back 133

DM in mother,
Beckwith -Wiedeman syndrome (this also has hemihypertrophy), Hydrops fetalis, Edema secondary to anemia (b/c of heart failure), N

Front 134

macroglossia (large tongue), macrosomia (birth weight and length >90th percentile), midline abdominal wall defects (omphalocele, umbilical hernia, diastasis recti), ear creases or ear pits, and neonatal hypoglycemia ???

Back 134

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

Front 135

hemihypertrophy seen in?

Back 135

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

Front 136

What do kids with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome have an increased risk for?

Back 136

Childhood cancer

Front 137

physiologic Jaundice peak in newbys

Back 137

3-5
days

Front 138

NICU admission criteria?

Back 138

less than 31 weeks or 1.6 kilos at birth

Front 139

Infant mortality definition?

Back 139

# death of infants from birth - 12 months, / 1000

Front 140

neonate mortality def?

Back 140

#deaths of birth-28y/o babies/ 1000

Front 141

perinatal period def?

Back 141

28wks-7days post-birth

Front 142

cause of TTN

Back 142

increased fluid in lungs due usually to C-section delivery

Front 143

treatment of TTN?

Back 143

support only

Front 144

DA closes usually when?

Back 144

funcionally: 24hrs; anatomically: days - weeks

Front 145

preventative measures given directly at birth to ALL newbys?

Back 145

Hep B vaccine shot #1
Vit K for HDN prevention
E-mycin eyedrops
BCG (some pts not all)

Front 146

screening tests to ALL newbys?

Back 146

Cong adrenal hyperplasia
Cong Hoth
PKU
Galactosemia
G6PD
Hip stability, deafness

Front 147

only C/I's to vaccines?

Back 147

adverse allergic reaction upon last vaccination of that vaccine;
severe neurologic reactions ie seizures, coma, altered MS to past vaccination of that vaccine

Front 148

tx for head lice in kid? baby? adult?

Back 148

kid and baby use permethrin. adult use lindane (not for young b/c can cause transdermal neurotoxicity!!

Front 149

HIV pcr or elisa in suspected hiv neonate?

Back 149

Do hiv PCR b/c ELISA test antibody and may have false +'s due to maternal AB's from breastfeeding

Front 150

slow progresssive course of vomiting, listlessness, and anorexia in 2 y/old for 2 weeks?

Back 150

TB meningitis

Front 151

discrete whitish polyp extending through tympanic membrane in child w/ recurrent otitis media?

Back 151

cholesteatoma

Front 152

lad type I are at risk for what?

Back 152

overwelming bacterial infection

Front 153

Dx for LAD type I in a pt with unseparated umbilical cord?

Back 153

surface CD11b via flow cytometry

Front 154

tx of umbilical granuloma?

Back 154

silver nitrate

Front 155

foul odor and discharge, sometimes bloody in vagina of young girl?

Back 155

foreign body ie toilet paper/ stool

Front 156

#1 cause septic arthritis in young children? in adolescents

Back 156

staph aureus;
n gon (if sexually active)

Front 157

when is pertussis immunization of DaPT discontinued (age)

Back 157

age 7..afterwards, the rest of boosters Tdap ("adult tet and dipth and pert toxoid = less side effects) every 10 years from age 7 on

Front 158

What bites should you start AB's for and what not?

Back 158

start AB's for cat (35% wounds get infected), human (95), and monkey (50%).
Don't need AB's for dog (4%).

Front 159

rapid HR, low BP, dilated pupils in kid : ingestion of what medication?

Back 159

TCAntidepressants (= block musc and chol R's)

Front 160

definitive screen for lead poisoning in high risk kids?

Back 160

Blood lead levels (toxic if greater than 10ug/dL

Front 161

most lead posoining can or cannot be determined from hpi/exam

Back 161

Cannot

Front 162

heat stroke pathophys?

Back 162

dehydration = vasoconstriction = prevents body from cooling itself through normal means of peripheral vasodil

Front 163

tx of heat stroke?

Back 163

fluids, cooling w/fans, ice

Front 164

long face, long ears, large testes, micropenis, mental retardation

Back 164

fragile X

Front 165

which gene mutated in fragile x?

Back 165

FMR-1 = fragile x mental retardation gene

Front 166

test for fragile x

Back 166

not karyotyping b/c 20% are NTM's (nontransmitting males) with no aryotyping abnorms. So, do direct DNA analysis

Front 167

diluting formula to feed babies may result in?

Back 167

hyponatremia and resulting seizures!!

Front 168

tiny bumps that are firm, yellowish or white, and surrounded by a ring of redness, in newborn

Back 168

ETN

Front 169

small, firm whit ecold paches of skin in exposed areas

Back 169

frostnip

Front 170

cold, numb, pale, edematous, and clammy foot

Back 170

trenchfoot

Front 171

trenchfoot can later cause what long term effects?

Back 171

AUTONOMIC DYSFXN

Front 172

tissue is frozen, destroyed; initial stinging followed by aching, then numbness...when rewarmed area becomes red andwarm. gangrene may develop

Back 172

frostbite

Front 173

small ulcerated lesions on exposed areas such as ears, fingertips; may last 1-2 weeks

Back 173

chilblains

Front 174

cold panniculitis?

Back 174

popsicle in extreme summer = cellulitis like hard red cheeks

Front 175

most commonly seen in black children in indust areas; rapidly growing children ie low birth weight infants or adolescents; low sun exposure areas; kids w/malabsorption syndrome

Back 175

riketts = vit D deficiency

Front 176

progressive wt loss, constipation, musc atrophy, sloss of skin turgor, hypothermia = what type def?

Back 176

CALORIC deficiency

Front 177

dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia?

Back 177

niacin def = pellagra

Front 178

Congestive heart failure, perpheral neuritis, and psychic disturbances?

Back 178

thiamine deficiency (b1)= beriberi

Front 179

dry vs. wet beriberi?

Back 179

dry = thi def causing neurological sx
wet = causing congestive heart failure

Front 180

thiamine found in?

Back 180

think B1 = breakfast = milk, breastmilk, cereal, eggs, veggies, fruit

Front 181

tall male with myopia, hypermobile jts, mvp?

Back 181

marfan's

Front 182

other signs of prader-willi besides hypotonia ?

Back 182

severe hyperphagia = morbid obesity in adolescence, fits of rage when denied food, hypogonadism, small hands and feet

Front 183

down-slanting palpebral fissures plus micrognathia, small, abnormally shaped ears and normal intelligence

Back 183

treacher Collins syndrome

Front 184

causes of coloboma? (3)

Back 184

Kleinfelters, CHARGE, treacher collins syndrome

Front 185

limp +/- pain in 2-12 yr old's hip, with no fever

Back 185

Legg-Calve-Perthes' disease (avascular necrosis of fem head)

Front 186

2-6 Y/O WITH PAINFUL LIMP BUT NO FEVER +/- MILD LEUKOCYTOSIS AFTER A URTI?

Back 186

TRANSIENT SYNOVITIS

Front 187

osteomyelitis vs septic arthritis?

Back 187

osteo = focal bone tenderness and fever vs:
sa = joint swelling, tenderness, redness, heat +fever

Front 188

tx for high levels lead poisoning?

Back 188

dimercaprol (DMSA) and ca EDTA

Front 189

tylenol OD tx? w/in what time must it be given?

Back 189

n-acetylcysteine (mucomyst) must be given w/in 16 hrs.

Front 190

increased respi rate, temp, vomiting, + tinnitis...what pills od'd on?

Back 190

salicylates = cause met acidosis + respi alkalosis.

Front 191

phenothiazine (chlorpromazine ) poisoning has what sx? and what tx?

Back 191

torticollis, opisthotonus, oculogyric crisis.
tx = give diphenydramine = benadryl!

Front 192

phase 1 of : hematemesis, abd px, fever, leukocytosis, hyperglycemia , progressing to possible state of phase II: cv collapse...
= what poisoning? how tx?

Back 192

prenatal vitamin = iron poisoning. tx = deferoxamine sulfate = complexes the iron and excreted in urine as wine color ('vin rose')

Front 193

metabolic acidosis due to methanol ingestion....tx?

Back 193

g lavage, IV ethanol to saturate enzymes that convert methanlo to toxins, then if nec, use hemodialysis to remove methanol

Front 194

besides drying skin, what does vit A toxicity do?

Back 194

hyperostosis (bone growth), hmeg, incr CSF pressure.

Front 195

nicotinic acid toxicity does what?

Back 195

Vdilation = skin erythema, tc, liver damage, ,hyperglyc, hyperuric.

Front 196

excessive vit C causes?

Back 196

kid stones, diarrhea, cramps, increased tolerance

Front 197

vit D excessive doses cause?

Back 197

nausea, diarrhea, wt loss, polyuria, SOFT TISSUE CALCIF OF HEART, KIDNEY, BV's, BRONCHI, and STOMACH!!!

Front 198

excessive pyridoxine (B6) causes?

Back 198

sensory neuropathy =altered sensation of touch, pain fever

Front 199

is also a folate acid antagonist that if taken in pregnancy will cause neural tube defects ie spina bifida?

Back 199

valproic acid

Front 200

epicanthal folds, broad nose with a flat bridge, anterverted nostrils, long philtrum, a thin upper and thick lower lip.

Back 200

FETAL VALPROIC ACID SYNDROME

Front 201

pre/post natal growth retardation,hypoplasia of distal phalanges and nails, cns alterations?

Back 201

fetal hydantoin (phenytoin) syndrome

Front 202

during what semester can valproic acid cause teratogenicity

Back 202

1st

Front 203

antibody in lupus causing heart block?

Back 203

anti-Ro = SSA

Front 204

recurrent abscesses in kid, test with ?

Back 204

NITROBLUE TETRAZOLIUM

Front 205

t and b cell def causing:
Bloody diarrh
Ecsema
TCP

Back 205

Wiskott aldrich (x-linked recessive) may IDENTIFY via platelet count

Front 206

kid w/ repeated sinusitis, otitis media, omyelitis, and staph a infections, started at 6m/o?

Back 206

bruton's agammaglobulinemia

Front 207

DiGeorge's symptoms/signs:

Back 207

catch 22 =
Cardiac defects=syst murmur
Abnormal facial features = rotated, low set ears, down-slanting eyes, hypertelorism, micrognathia, upturned nose
Thymic aplasia
Cleft palate
HYPOcalcemia
and chromosome 22

Front 208

rotated, low set ears, down-slanting eyes, hypertelorism, micrognathia, upturned nose?

Back 208

Digeorge's syndrome

Front 209

suspect DiGeorge; do what test?

Back 209

Candida skin test for T-cell fxn!!

Front 210

Digeorge has what cell line deficient

Back 210

t-cell deficiency

Front 211

suspect asplenia b/c recurrent infections w/capsulated orgs ie strep pneum sepsis, n mening sepsis....what test perform?

Back 211

CBC to check for howell-jolly bodies = means asplenia

Front 212

do children ona normal diet need vit supplements?

Back 212

NO...!

Front 213

INH therapy causes what side effect via what? what must you give pt on INH?

Back 213

inhibits B6 metabolism = causes peripheral/optic neuritis esp in pts poorly nourished ie alcohol, malnourishment, etc must give pyridoxime = B6

Front 214

children on phenytoin and/or valproic acid (anti-convulsant) must also receive what?

Back 214

may develop low folic acid levels, so must give folate

Front 215

must give what vitamin to measles pt either from developing country or w/ immune deficiency/malnourishment?

Back 215

Vit A

Front 216

who MUST you give all fat sol vitamins to (KADE)

Back 216

Fatty V's for the Three C's:

CF (pancr enzyme insuff)
Chronic Liver disease (poor solubilization by bile salts)
Celiac disease

all of these have fat malabsorption therefore low fat-sol vits

Front 217

Who give vit D supplements to?

Back 217

Breastfed infants in areas of poor sunlight ie alaska, or with dark skin

NOT cow's milk and formula b/c these are already fortified

Front 218

sickle cell children must also receive what vitamin and why?

Back 218

Folate, b/c increased epoeisis requires more folate

Front 219

what is cantharidin and what used for?

Back 219

black blister beetle terpenoid /poison. is used to tx warts, tattoo removal, or papules of M. contagiosum

Front 220

tx of molluscum contagiosum

Back 220

observation (most are self-limited)
cryotherapy
central umbilication curettage;
cantharidin 0.9% to each lesion

Front 221

tx of ecsema / atopic dermatitis?

Back 221

cleansing cream, topical moisturizer, and topical steroids

Front 222

P450 inducers?

Back 222

GTQ CRABS Griseofulvin, Tetracycline, Quinidine, Carbamazepine, Rifampin, Alcohol, Barbiturates, Sulfa drugs (e.g. TMP-SMX etc.)

Front 223

p450 INHIBITORS?

Back 223

IQ SMACKD Isoniazid (a.k.a. INH), Quinolones, Spironolactones, Macrolides, Amiodarone, Cimetidine, Ketoconazole, Dapsone

Front 224

P450 DEPENDENT DRUGS

Back 224

WETPhD Warfarin, Estrogen, Phenytoin, Theophylline, Digoxin

Front 225

Most important non-cardiac s/e of digitalis in infants

Back 225

vomiting

Front 226

dig toxicity?

Back 226

anorexia, n,v,diarhh,
xanthonopsia (yellow vision)
bradycardia,

Front 227

diagnosis of Rh fever:

Back 227

1) 2 major criteria (JONES)
2) 1 maj + 2 minor + previous GAS inf or scarlet fever

Front 228

jones minor criteria?

Back 228

Fever
Elev esr
Elev crp
Ecg changes: prolonged PR
or QT
Elev WBC and Anemia

Front 229

most common sx in rh fever besides past sore throat?

Back 229

joint arthralgia = px w/o other sx =minor crit (not nec arthritis = major)

Front 230

periodic hand/feet swelling + neck edema that comes after exercise/emo stress, but normal lab workup?

Back 230

hereditary angioedema

Front 231

hereditary angioedema mechanism?

Back 231

Auto Dom ;
deficient inhib of complement cascade resulting in increased KININ production

Front 232

risk of congh heart disease in pop?

Back 232

= 1%

Front 233

risk of cong heart disease in baby w/ brother w/ cong heart dis?

Back 233

2-6%

Front 234

fixed splitting of 2nd heart sound heard in?

Back 234

ASD

Front 235

prolonged fever, rash, limp, epidermal peeling of hands and feet, conjunctivitis, fissured lips, OP mucosal erythema

Back 235

kawasaki disease

Front 236

tx for kawasaki's?

Back 236

HIGH dose IVIG
high dose aspirin

Front 237

fetal SVT can lead to?

Back 237

Hydrops fetalis (Congestive heart failure causing pleural edema, ascites, etc.)

Front 238

m/c causes of myocarditis?

Back 238

adenovirus and coxsackie v

Front 239

diminished voltage of ventricular complexes on ECG =?

Back 239

myocarditis

Front 240

aberrantt left cor artery arising from pulm artery causes what ECG changes?

Back 240

ECG that looks like MI

Front 241

congestive heart failure in newborn with hr>250?

Back 241

think Paroxysmal tachycardia ie due to WPW

Front 242

cyanosis + quadruple heart rhythm (s1,2,3and4) plus tricuspid regurg and Left lower sternum middiastolic murmur and RAH

Back 242

Ebsteins anomoly = lower displaced tricuspid valve + TR,

Front 243

WPW also seen in ?

Back 243

Ebsteins anomoly

Front 244

type of finger swelling in JRA

Back 244

spindle shaped

Front 245

in still's disease (systemic JRA) what comes first, arthritis or systemic sx?

Back 245

systemic sx

Front 246

systemic sx of still's disease?

Back 246

Rash (like rheumatoid), high spiking fevers, joint involvement, serositis ie pericarditis

Front 247

toxic synovitis usually affects what joint?

Back 247

hip

Front 248

Most cyanotic cong heart diseases (T's) cause RVH and thereforeright axis deviation; which one shows LVH and left axis deviation?

Back 248

Tricuspid atresia - due to HYPOPLASTIC right ventricle

Front 249

snowman appearance of lungs plus cyanosis in newby?

Back 249

TOTAL ANOMALOUS PULM VENOUS RETURN

Front 250

Diff b/w Transposition and Tet fallot?

Back 250

both have similar RVH and raxis dev; but to know diff, transposition baby is born cyanotic while Tet baby usually becomes cyanotic in first few days

Front 251

only tx necessary for girls with MVP?

Back 251

Prophylaxis for dental procedures to prevent endocarditis

Front 252

VSD + non-opposable thumbs (+ clubbing)

Back 252

Holt-Oram syndrom

Front 253

syncopal episodes in deaf kid?

Back 253

long QT syndrome

Front 254

deaf kid dies after terrible fright?

Back 254

Long QT syndrome