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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What congenital neurologic disorder is diagnosed by an increased maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein level?
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Neural tube defect
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Name the perinatal supplement that can reduce the incidence of neural tube defects?
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Folic acid
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What type of epileptic seizure frequently presents as a blank stare in children less than 10 y/o?
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Absence seizure
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Name the ECG pattern that is diagnostic of absence seizure.
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Three-per-second spike and wave pattern.
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What seizure, occuring in children between 2 and 7 months of age, manifests as extensor-flexor spasms occuring up to 100 times a day?
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Infantile spasm
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Name the EEG pattern that is diagnostic of infantile spasms.
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Hypsarrhythmia (chaotic pattern)
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Define febrile seizure.
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Nonepileptic seizure in children 6 months to 5 years of age that occurs in the setting of fever
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What is the cause of febrile seizures?
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Rapidly increasing body temperature (not the absolute temperature)
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Simple of complex seizure?
Duration less than 15 min |
Simple
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Simple of complex seizure?
More than one seizure in a 24-h period |
Complex
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Simple of complex seizure?
Characterized by a focal seizure |
Complex (simple seizures are always generalized)
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Simple of complex seizure?
Treatment consists of fever reduction (antipyretics) |
Simple
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Simple of complex seizure?
Associated with a 10% risk of epilepsy |
Complex (may require anticonvulsant therapy, must perform EEG and MRI to rule out neurologic disease)
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What nonprogressive, nonhereditary movement and posture disorder is associated with perinatal brain damage?
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Cerebral palsy (CP)
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List the risk factors for CP.
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1. Prematurity
2. MR 3. Low birth weight 4. Fetal malformation 5. Neonatal seizures 6. Neonatal cerebral hemorrhage 7. Perinatal asphyxia |
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What is the most frequent presenting sign of CP?
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Delayed motor development (often missed until
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What percentage of CP patients show mental retardation?
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About 50%
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What is the most common form of CP?
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Pyramidal (characterized by spasticity in all affected limbs)
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What is the treatment of CP?
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Benzodiazepines, dantrolene, and baclofen (goal is to reduce spasticity)
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