Pediatrics - Infectious

Front 1

meningitis etiology by age

Back 1

neonates --> GBS, e coli, listeria
2 months - 12 years --> pneumococus, meningococus, HiB (uncommon due to vaccine)

Front 2

meningitis presentation

Back 2

fever, lethargy, irritability, anorexia, nausea
photophobia, neck pain and rigidity
increased intracraneal pressure --> bulging fontannelles, CN III or VI palsy
Kernig, Brudzinski

Front 3

meningitis diagnosis

Back 3

lumbar puncture + blood culture

Front 4

meningitis treatment

Back 4

empiric --> vanco + ceftriaxone
pneumococus --> penicillin or 3rd gen ceph
meningococus --> penicillin
E. coli --> ceftriaxone
IV dexamethasone

Front 5

pertussis

Back 5

presentation --> paroxysmal cough with inspiratory whoop and facial petechiae
diagnosis --> clinical; unvaccinated; gold standard is culture or PCR; lymphocytosis
treatment --> erythromycin; also treat all household members and contacts

Front 6

bartonella

Back 6

cat-scratch disease
scratch + papules + chronic regional lymphadenitis + nonspecific signs
diagnosis --> history, PCR, serology
treatment --> self-limiting

Front 7

parinaud oculoglandular syndrome

Back 7

unilateral conjunctivitis
preauricular lymphadenopathy
cervical lymphadenopathy
after rubbing eyes after touching pet

Front 8

measles

Back 8

presentation --> cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, Koplik spots, rash, fever +- cervical lymphadenopathy
diagnosis --> clinical
treatment --> supportive, vitamin A
complications --> otitis media, pneumonia, encephalitis

Front 9

rubella

Back 9

maculopapular rash + posterior cervical lymphadenopathy +- polyarthritis
diagnosis --> clinical with serology confirmation
treatment --> supportive

Front 10

roseola

Back 10

exanthema subitum due to HHV-6
high fever preceeding rash + rose-colored papules on trunk + occipital lymphadenopathy
clinical diagnosis and supportive treatment

Front 11

mumps

Back 11

presentation --> unilateral or bilateral salivary gland swelling, arthritis, orchitis with sterility
diagnosis --> clinical; IgG and IgM confirms; high amylase
treatment --> supportive

Front 12

varicella

Back 12

presentation --> pruritic rash in various stages with crops
clinical diagnosis with supportive treatment

Front 13

erythema infectiosum

Back 13

parvoB19
presentation --> arthritis, slapped cheek rash, reticular rash
clinical diagnosis with supportive treatment
complications --> aplastic crisis; erythroblastosis fetalis in neonates

Front 14

EBV

Back 14

presentation --> fatigue, pharyngitis, generalized adenopathy, nonspecific symptoms, Burkitt lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma
diagnosis --> atypical lymphocytosis, heterophile antibodies, IgM to capsid antigen
treatment --> symptomatic +- steroids; no contact sports
complications --> splenic rupture

Front 15

influenza

Back 15

presentation --> coryza, conjunctivits, pharyngitis, dry cough, systemic signs
diagnosis --> rapid ELISA
treatment --> symptomatic
complications --> otitis media, pneumonia, secondary bacterial infection

Front 16

ascariasis

Back 16

presentation --> asymptomatic or cough and blood-stained sputum
diagnosis --> fecal smear and eosinophilia
treatment --> albendazole