Pediatrics - Hematology/oncology

Front 1

Name the cause of anemia in the following descriptions:
Most common cause of anemia in the pediatric population

Back 1

Iron deficiency anemia

Front 2

Name the cause of anemia in the following descriptions:
Patients present with bone/chest pain, dactylitis, priapism, or strokes

Back 2

Sickle cell disease

Front 3

Name the cause of anemia in the following descriptions:
Inherited hemolytic anemia caused by malformation or malfunction of globin subunits of the hemoglobim molecule

Back 3

Thalassemia

Front 4

Name the cause of anemia in the following descriptions:
Treatment of acute symptoms consists of oxygen, fluids, analgesia, antibiotics, and exchange transfusion

Back 4

Sickle cell disease

Front 5

Name the cause of anemia in the following descriptions:
Caused by exclusive feeding with cow's milk without mineral supplementaiton

Back 5

Iron deficiency anemia (iron in breast milk is more bioavailable)

Front 6

Name the cause of anemia in the following descriptions:
Typically presents at 4 months of age as hemoglobin F levels begin to decline

Back 6

Sickle cell disease

Front 7

Name the cause of anemia in the following descriptions:
X-linked recessive disease that presents during oxidative stress caused by fava beans or drug exposure (dapsone, sulfonamides, and antimalarials)

Back 7

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency

Front 8

Name the cause of anemia in the following descriptions:
Patients are at greatest risk for infection and sepsis from H. influenza and S. pneumoniae

Back 8

Sickle cell disease (spleen may be compromised due to autoinfarction)

Front 9

Name the complication of sickle cell disease described below:
Caused by repeated infarction of lung tissue

Back 9

Acute chest syndrome

Front 10

Name the complication of sickle cell disease described below:
Painful swelling of the hands and feet

Back 10

Dactylitis

Front 11

Name the complication of sickle cell disease described below:
potentially fatal complication typically induced by parvovirus B19 infection

Back 11

Aplastic crisis (must check reticulocyte count in sickle patients)

Front 12

Name the complication of sickle cell disease described below:
Complication that causes pain, priapism, gallbladder disease, chronic renal failure, splenic infarction and avascular necrosis of the femoral head

Back 12

Vasooculsive crisis

Front 13

Name the complication of sickle cell disease described below:
Sickel cells cause microvascular obstruction and lead to fibrosis of the spleen

Back 13

Autoinfarction (increased susceptibility of infection with encapsulated organisms)

Front 14

Name the coagulation disorder(s) charcterized by the following statements:
X-linked recessive disease caused by a deficiency in factor VIII

Back 14

Hemophilia A

Front 15

Name the coagulation disorder(s) charcterized by the following statements:
X-linked recessive disease caused by a deficiency in factor IX

Back 15

Hemophilia B

Front 16

Name the coagulation disorder(s) charcterized by the following statements:
Treated with desmopressin acetate (DDAVP)

Back 16

Von Willebrand's disease and hemophilia A (DDAVP causes release of factor VIII and von Willebrand's factor [vWF] from endothelial cells)

Front 17

Name the coagulation disorder(s) charcterized by the following statements:
Bleeding sites are from mucous membranes, skin, and vagina during menstruation

Back 17

von Willebrand's disease

Front 18

Name the coagulation disorder(s) charcterized by the following statements:
Bleeding causes hemarthroses and intramuscular bleeds

Back 18

Hemophilia A and B

Front 19

Name the coagulation disorder(s) charcterized by the following statements:
Increase in partial thromboplastin time (PTT) with normal prothrombin time (PT) and platelet aggregation

Back 19

Hemophilia A/B and von Willebrand's disease

Front 20

What is the most common childhood malignancy?

Back 20

Leukemia (acute lymphocytic leukemia is the most common)

Front 21

What type of leukemia is more common in African American males of any age?

Back 21

AML

Front 22

Waht type of leukemia is more common in White males, 3-5 years of age?

Back 22

ALl

Front 23

What is the typical initial presentation of a patient with leukemia?

Back 23

Lethargy, malaise, anorexia, and weight loss

Front 24

What are the typical late presenting signs of leukemia?

Back 24

Bone pain and arthralgia

Front 25

The cluster of petechiae, pallor, ecchymosis, and fever in a patient with a history of leukemia is evidence of what pathophysiologic process?

Back 25

Bone marrow failure

Front 26

What is the treatment for leukemia?

Back 26

Prednisone, vincristine, and L-asparaginase

Front 27

What is the most common solid tumor and the second most comon malignancy in childhood?

Back 27

Central nervous system (CNS) tumors

Front 28

Where do CNS tumors typically occur?

Back 28

Infratentorial (cerebellum, midbrain, brainstem) most adult CNS tumors are supratentorial

Front 29

Name the clinical manifestations of CNS tumors.

Back 29

Truncal ataxia, coordination/gait disturbances, and head tilt (due to cranial nerve palsies)

Front 30

What are the symptoms of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Back 30

Headaches, vomiting, and lethargy

Front 31

What are the signs of increased ICP?

Back 31

Papilledema, altered mental status, and Cushing's triad (hypertension, bradycardia, Cheyne-Stokes respiration - a late finding)

Front 32

Name the malignancy of primitive neural crest cells of the adrenal medulla and sympathetic ganglia.

Back 32

Neuroblastoma

Front 33

What is the most common presentation of neuroblastoma?

Back 33

Painless abdominal mass

Front 34

What two diagnostic tests provide the definitive diagnosis of neuroblastoma?

Back 34

Elevated urinary catecholamines and pathologic identification of tumor tissue

Front 35

What congenital anomalies are associated with Wilm's tumor?

Back 35

WAGR- Wilm's tumor, Aniridia, ambiguous Genitalia, mental Retardation

Front 36

Ewing's sarcoma or osteosarcoma?
Occurs on the midshaft of bones

Back 36

Ewing's sarcma (osteosarcoma at epiphysis)

Front 37

Ewing's sarcoma or osteosarcoma?
Classic "sunburst appearance" on radiograph

Back 37

Osteosarcoma

Front 38

Ewing's sarcoma or osteosarcoma?
Malignant tumor of osteoblasts

Back 38

osteosarcoma (osteoblasts)

Front 39

Ewing's sarcoma or osteosarcoma?
Undifferentiated sarcoma

Back 39

Ewing's sarcoma

Front 40

Ewing's sarcoma or osteosarcoma?
Increased alkaline phosphatase may be used as a diagnosit test and as a treatment marker

Back 40

osteosarcoma

Front 41

Ewing's sarcoma or osteosarcoma?
Higher probablility of lung metastasis

Back 41

osteosarcoma (chest CT to rule out pulmonary metastasis)