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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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iron-deficiency anemia
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due to consumption of cow milk and foods low in iron
pallor is most common sign plus general anemia signs treatment --> oral ferrous salts prevention --> iron-rich foods |
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lead poisoning presentation
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behavioral changes --> hyperactivity or aggresion
cognitive dysfunction GI --> anorexia, pain, constipation CNS --> cerebral edema, increased intracraneal pressure |
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lead poisoning diagnosis and treatment
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blood lead level at 12 and 24 months
x-rays --> dense lead lines in bones treatment --> iron chelators --> dimecarpol, EDTA |
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congenital anemias
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pure red cell --> Blackfan-Diamond --> triphalangeal thumbs --> low reticulocytes --> steroids --> stem cell transplant
pancytopenia --> Fanconi --> absent/hypoplastic thumbs --> bone-marrow aspiration/chromosome analysis --> steroids/transplant |
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types of sickle cell crises
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hand-foot syndrome
acute painful crisis --> head, chest, back, abdomen aplastic crisis --> parvoB19 --> absence of reticulocytes vaso-occlusive crisis --> skin ulcers, retinopathy, avascular necrosis of femoral head, splenic infarction, salmonella osteomyelitis, stroke, priapism |
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immune thrombocytopenic purpura treatment
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transfussion contraindicated
IV Ig if inadequate response --> prednisone if severe --> splenectomy |
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ALL presentation
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arthritis
bone pain marrow failure --> pallor, bruising, epistaxis, petechiae, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly |
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ALL diagnosis
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best test --> marrow aspirate --> lymphoblasts
peripheral blood --> anemia, thrombocytopenia, atypical lymphocytes |
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ALL treatment
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remission induction --> vincristine, daunorubicin, prednisone
CNS --> methotrexate |
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ALL complications
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relapse --> increased intracraneal pressure or branial nerve palsies
testicular relapse tumor lysis syndrome --> hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hypophosphatemia, hypocalcemia |
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wilms tumor
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palpable mass, aniridia, GU anomalies
diagnosis --> abdominal CT; chest x-ray for lung involvement treatment --> surgery |
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neuroblastoma
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from neural crest cells --> abdominal, adrenal or retroperitoneal
firm painful palpable mass in flank or midline with calcifications or hemorrhage diagnosis --> x-ray/CT/MRI; high vanillylmandelic acid, homovanillic acid, no hypertension treatment --> surgery +- chemo +- radiation |
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pheochromocytoma
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adrenal medulla or along sympathetic chain
autosomal dominant associated with --> neurofibromatosis, MEN 2A, MEN 2B, tuberous sclerosis, Sturge-Weber presentation --> episodic hypertension, adrenergic signs, papilledema, hemorrhages diagnosis --> CT; vanillmandelic acid, metanephrines, catecholamines; MBIG scan treatment --> alpha/beta blockade + fluids --> surgery |
