Pediatrics - Gastroenterology

Front 1

Name the GI disease characterized by the following descriptions:
Most common indication for surgical intervention

Back 1

Appendicitis

Front 2

Name the GI disease characterized by the following descriptions:
Most common cause of bowel obstruction in children less than 2 years of age

Back 2

Intussusception

Front 3

Name the GI disease characterized by the following descriptions:
Characterized by projectice, nonbilious vomiting in first-born males less than 2 months of age

Back 3

Pyloric stenosis

Front 4

Name the GI disease characterized by the following descriptions:
Air-enema is diagnostic and therapeutic

Back 4

Intussusception

Front 5

Name the GI disease characterized by the following descriptions:
Physical examinatino reveals an olive-shaped, mobile, nonttender mass

Back 5

pyloric stenois

Front 6

Name the GI disease characterized by the following descriptions:
Manifests as a crampy, abd pain with emesis and bloody, mucous in stool (currant jelly stool)

Back 6

Intussusception

Front 7

Name the GI disease characterized by the following descriptions:
presents as a painless, rectal bleeding

Back 7

Meckel's diverticulum

Front 8

Name the GI disease characterized by the following descriptions:
failure of ganglionic cell migration

Back 8

Hirschsprung's disease

Front 9

Name the GI disease characterized by the following descriptions:
Arises from "lead points" and is described as a "sausage-like mass" on examination

Back 9

Intussusception

Front 10

Name the GI disease characterized by the following descriptions:
Diagnosis requires a technetium pertechnetae scan that detects ectopic gastric mucosa

Back 10

Meckel's diverticulum

Front 11

Name the GI disease characterized by the following descriptions:
Diagnosis requires ultrasound and treatment is by surgical pylorotomy

Back 11

Pyloric stenosis

Front 12

Name the GI disease characterized by the following descriptions:
Presents as bilious emesis in a child <1 month of age; diagnosed by upper GI series

Back 12

Malrotation

Front 13

Risk factors include Meckel's diverticulum, intestinal lymphoma, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, celiac disease, CF, and infection

Back 13

Intussusception (all can act as potential lead points)

Front 14

Describe the major characteristics of Meckel's diverticulum.

Back 14

"Rule of 2s"
Males are affected two times as often as females
2 feet proximal to the ileocecal valve
2 types of ectopic mucosa (gastric or pancreatic)
2% of population
2 years of age

Front 15

What is the most frequent clinical sign of vesicoureteral reflux?

Back 15

Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs)

Front 16

What is the diagnostic test of choice in vesicoureteral reflux?

Back 16

Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)

Front 17

Name the most common penile congenital anomalyl.

Back 17

Hypospadias

Front 18

What are the two major complications of cryptochordism?

Back 18

Impaired sperm production and increased risk of malignancy

Front 19

Name the four characteristics of nephrotic syndrome.

Back 19

proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemmia, and edema

Front 20

What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrom in children and what is the treatment?

Back 20

Minimal change disease, steroids (best prognosis)

Front 21

What is the hallmark of glomerulonephritis?

Back 21

Hematuria

Front 22

Name the glomerulonephritis characterized by the following descriptions:
Sudden onset of hematuria 2 weeks after streptococcal pharyngitis

Back 22

Acute PSGN (most common)

Front 23

Name the glomerulonephritis characterized by the following descriptions:
Hematuria with an insidious progression to renal failure and encephalopathy

Back 23

Rapid progressive glomerulonephritis

Front 24

Name the glomerulonephritis characterized by the following descriptions:
Palpable purpura on the lower limbs and buttocks followed by abdominal pain and hematuria

Back 24

HSP (Henoch-Shonlein) purpura

Front 25

Name the glomerulonephritis characterized by the following descriptions:
Nephritic clinical picture accompanied by sensorineural hearing loss

Back 25

Alport's syndrome

Front 26

Name the glomerulonephritis characterized by the following descriptions:
Elevated anti-DNAse and low complement C3 levels

Back 26

Acute PSGN

Front 27

What disease results from a lack of insulin production by B-cells in the pancreas?

Back 27

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1)

Front 28

What is the typical presentation of type 1 diabetes?

Back 28

Polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue,and abdominal pain

Front 29

What three screening tests should be performed annually in the pediatric patient with type 1 diabetes?

Back 29

Urine screening for microalbuminemia, ophthalmologic exam for retinopathy, and lipid profile for hyperlipidemia

Front 30

What are the key features of diabetic ketaacidosis (DKA)?

Back 30

Fluid resuscitation, insulin therapy (until ketoacidosis resolves), and electrolyte management

Front 31

What is the most feared complication in the treatment of DKA?

Back 31

Cerebral edema (caused by rapid changes in serum osmotic pressure)

Front 32

Constitutional delay or familial short stature?
Normal growth velocity at or below the 5% percentile

Back 32

Constitutional delay

Front 33

Constitutional delay or familial short stature?
Growth curve falls below the fifth percentile with abnormal growth velocity

Back 33

Familial short stature

Front 34

Constitutional delay or familial short stature?
Delay in bone age

Back 34

Constitutional delay

Front 35

Constitutional delay or familial short stature?
Puberty is typically delayed

Back 35

Constitutional delay

Front 36

Constitutional delay or familial short stature?
Normal bone age

Back 36

Familial short stature

Front 37

List the six most common pathologic causes of short stature.

Back 37

1. Growth hormone deficiency
2. Primary hypothyroidism
3. Cushing's disease
4. Chronic systemic disease
5. Psychosocial deprivation
6. Turner's syndrome

Front 38

What congenital hormonal deficiency can cause severe MR?

Back 38

Congential hypothyroidism

Front 39

What is the most common enzyme deficiency in congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

Back 39

21-hydroxylase deficiency

Front 40

What are the clinical manifestations of 21-hydroxylase deficiency?

Back 40

Ambiguous genitalia in females, hyponatrema and hyperkalemia (from lack of aldosterone), and hypoglycemia (from insuffficient cortisol)

Front 41

The elevation of what hormone is diagnostic for 21-hydroxylase deficiency?

Back 41

17-hydroxyprogesterone

Front 42

What hormonal therapy is used to treat 21-hydroxylase deficiency?

Back 42

Cortisol (for suppression of androgen production) and mineralcorticoids (for electrolyte balance)