Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
p.181
Know Erickson/Piaget |
Development/Nursing care for the test...
|
|
|
Erikson
Birth - 1 year |
Trust vs. Mistrust
|
|
|
Erikson
1 to 3 years |
Autonomy vs. Shame
|
|
|
Erikson
3 to 6 years |
Initiative vs. Guilt
|
|
|
Erikson
6 to 12 years |
Industry vs. Inferiority
|
|
|
Erikson
13 to 18 years |
Identity vs. Identity confusion
|
|
|
What is the most common drug poisoning in children?
|
Acetaminophen
|
|
|
Know the recommended ranges for immunization
|
handout on webct
|
|
|
Rhotovirus
|
only one that's oral
|
|
|
Most immunizations are given (IM, SQ, PO)
|
IM
|
|
|
MMR
Varicella Are given (IM, SQ, PO) |
SQ
|
|
|
Polio (IVP)
|
Can be given IM or SQ
|
|
|
Infant is 80% water
|
so they are the most vulnerable to water changes
|
|
|
Babies can't concentrate or dilute their urine the same way adults can
|
because their kidneys aren't as well developed
|
|
|
Know what to use for hypotonic, hypertonic situations
|
.
|
|
|
For severe dehydration, you give fluid at what rate?
|
10-20 ml/kg/ in 15 minutes
|
|
|
Infants breathe faster because their kidneys are immature and need to breathe faster to maintain their pH
|
.
|
|
|
Bladder is up the abdomen in infants, so the abdomen can be distended in UTIs
|
.
|
|
|
nephrotic syndrome
acute glomerulonephritis |
focus on these
|
|
|
oliguria
|
decreased urine
|
|
|
Wilms Tumor
|
Cancer
3-4 years old; genetic inheritance Presents as an abdominal mass Tumor on the kidneys, have to remove the kidney Do NOT palpate the abdomen |
|
|
Blood pressure monitoring now begins at 3 years old
|
To test for systemic HTN, which can be a renal problem
|
|
|
Why are infants more susceptible to meningitis, encephalitis, and other brain infections?
|
Because their BBB is more permeable
|
|
|
When should the babinski reflex go from flaring to curling?
|
around 1 year
|
|
|
cerebral hypoxia greater than 4 minutes can cause irreversible brain damage
|
.
|
|
|
To manage a kid with increased ICP,
|
Dont elevate head more than 30 degrees
Keep head midline, don't turn head, use sandbags to keep head straight Avoid causing child to cough or increase pressure in any way |
|
|
epidural hematoma is because of a ..
|
arterial bleed
EMERGENCY! opposite side weakness one eye fixed and dilated |
|
|
Subdural hematoma is because of a....
|
venous bleed
less of an emergency r/t trauma, shaken baby syndrome, birth trauma |
|
|
Bleeding or watery drainage from nose or ears that is positive for glucose means...
|
CSF
|
|
|
Special consideration when giving IV dilantin?
|
Incompatible with everything except NS
|
|
|
Special considerations with phenobarbitol
|
Never push fast, can cause extreme bradycardia
|
|
|
Valoproic acid (Depakote)
|
can cause liver toxicity
|
|
|
What is the prognosis for kids with PKU
|
some degree of cognitive impairment and emotional problems
|
|
|
What are low phenylalanine foods?
|
can eat some fruits, veggies, cereals, breads. No dairy, no meat
|
|
|
Hypopitutarism causes what?
|
lack of growth hormone, which causes:
inhibits growth of all cells normal growth at 1 year, then slowly go below, to below 3rd percentile delayed bone age with short stature, GH can reverse if given before puberty |
|
|
What is precocious puberty? (a pituitary problem)
|
Early puberty (around 7-9 yo)
|
|
|
What is the treatment for precocious puberty?
|
Lupron:
stops puberty and gives them a chance to reach normal height, stop drug when puberty is supposed to happen |
|
|
Diabetes Insipidus
|
uncontrolled diuresis d/t hyposecretion of ADH
|
|
|
What is the first sign of Diabetes Insipidus
|
often bedwetting (diuresis)
babies want water, not formula |
|
|
What do you treat Diabetes Insipidus with?
|
synthetic ADH
DDAVP (desmopressin acetate (long acting synthetic vasopressin) Intranasal spray every 8-12 hrs |
|
|
SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion)
|
r/t CNS diseases like tumor, infection, trauma, etc.
|
|
|
What are the s/s of SIADH
|
concentrated urine
fluid retention |
|
|
SIADH (s/s low serum sodium)
|
low serum sodium (<120)
anorexia may progress to stupor or seizures symptoms may disappear when ADH is decreased |
|
|
Congenital hypothyroidism s/s at birth
|
hoarse cry
lethargy poor feeding resp difficulties large fontanels (usually first clue) |
|
|
How are PKU and thyroid problems related?
|
Both involve tyrosine deficiency
|
|
|
What is juvenile hypothyroidism
|
acquired; rapid body growth created inadequate thyroid hormone production
|
|
|
What is goiter?
|
Hypertrophy of the thyroid gland; can have high/low/normal thyroid hormone levels
|
|
|
What is the most common pediatric thyroid disease?
|
Hashimoto Disease (lymphocytic thyroiditis)
|
|
|
Hashimoto Disease (lymphocytic thyroiditis)
S/S |
Goiter
treatment to reduce size of goiter |
|
|
Graves disease (hyperthyroidism)
|
.
|
|
|
What is pickwickian syndrome
|
you weigh so much you can't expand your lungs
|
|
|
Know about hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, DKA
|
.
|
|
|
GER
|
gastroesophageal reflux
goes to GERD if there are complications and tissue damage |
|
|
Hirschsprung disease
|
cannot pass meconium within first 48 hrs;
make a colostomy |
|
|
Vomitting up undigested food can be because of...
|
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
|
|
|
What are the s/s of intussusception
|
"currant jelly" stools, blood, goopy
sudden crampy pain can palpate sausage-shaped mass use air or contrast enema |
|
|
Short bowel syndrome
|
small small intestine; i.e. after bowel surgery to remove small intestine
|
|
|
Pinworm test
|
scotch tape over anus at night, send to lab to look for worms
|
|
|
What is the treatment for pinworms?
|
Mebendazole for all family members over 2 yo
|
|
|
Esophageal atresia
|
"blind pouch" of the esophagus, doesn't attach to stomach
|
|
|
calories per day
|
108 kcal/kg
|
|
|
infants need iron supplements when?
|
at 4-6 months
|
|
|
when can you give cows milk
|
after 1 year
|
|
|
How much juice per day when starting solid foods?
|
only 6 oz!
|
|
|
When can you start solid foods?
|
6 months
|
|
|
How many kcal/day in toddlerhood?
|
102/kg
|
|
|
How many kcal/day in preschool and school-age?
|
90kcal/kg
(about 1800/day) |
|
|
Treatment for osteogenic sarcoma?
|
chemotherapy and surgery (amputation) 3 inches above tumor
|
|
|
s/s of Osteogenesis Imperfecta
|
bones break easily, bruise easily, bluish sclera, hearing loss 20-30 yo, teeth deformities common
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
most common permanent childhood physical deformity
|
CP (cerebral palsy)
neurological disorder see it more in very low birth weight babies |
|
|
What do you see in the first year with CP?
|
hypotonia, then hypertonicity
|
|
|
What are some s/s of CP?
|
poor head control, clenched fists, no smiling after 3 months
stiff and rigid limbs arching back, pushing away floppy tone abnormal tongue movement |
|
|
Most common type muscular dystrophy
|
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
|
|
|
muscle weakness, degeneration, contractures
affects mostly males (X-linked) |
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
|
|
|
physiologic jaundice of the newborn
|
peaks at 3-4 days, decline 5-7 days, normal
|
|
|
how do you reverse a sickle cell crisis?
|
oxygen, hydration, pain management
|
|
|
bone marrow failure
|
aplastic anemia (pancytopenia)
|
|
|
for nose bleed
|
10 mins of pressure, sitting upright, lean forward
|
