Pediatric Respiratory Function

Front 1

Why is there a greater potential for obstruction in the infant airway?

Back 1

airway is shorter and narrower

Front 2

What is gold standard test for cystic fibrosis?

Back 2

sweat chloride test

Front 3

most common site of bronchial obstruction

Back 3

right bronchi

Front 4

Why is oxygen consumption higher in children?

Back 4

because of higher metabolic rate

Front 5

What is the diameter of an infants airway?

Back 5

approx 4mm

Front 6

When does most aspiration occur?

Back 6

during feeding and reaching activities

Front 7

Most foreign bodies cause what type of obstruction?

Back 7

bronchial

Front 8

An object lodged where is a life threatening situation?

Back 8

in the trachea

Front 9

poor ventilation of the alveoli results in

Back 9

HYPOXEMIA
lower than normal blood oxygen level and
HYPERCAPNIA
excess of carbon dioxide

Front 10

What is hypoxia?

Back 10

lower than normal oxygen in the tissues

Front 11

what are signs of impending respiratory failure

Back 11

irritability,lethargy, mottled color or cyanosis, increased respiratory effort

Front 12

What is required for children who do not respond to oxygen therapy, medications, or position changes?

Back 12

insertion of an artificial airway

Front 13

Define apnea

Back 13

cessation of respirations lasting longer than 20 seconds
may be first major sign of respiratory dysfunction in neonates

Front 14

What is an ALTE?

Back 14

apparent life-threatening event
episode of apnea accompanied by color change, limp muscle tone, choking or gagging in term or near term infant

Front 15

some identifiable causes of ALTE are

Back 15

GERD, acute respiratory infection, seizures, aspiration while feeding, congenital heart defects, metabolic conditions, and child abuse - in some cases there is no identifiable cause

Front 16

What is the definition of BPD?

Back 16

persistence of lung disease following premature birth and respiratory support provided in the neonatal period

Front 17

How do children usually acquire TB?

Back 17

from droplets containing bacillus from an infected adult

Front 18

One preventable measure against pneumonia?

Back 18

pneumococcal vaccine

Front 19

What can cause Pneumonia?

Back 19

virus, bacteria, or mycoplasm

Front 20

What usually causes pneumonia in children under five?

Back 20

RSV

Front 21

Most common cause of bronchiolitis.

Back 21

RSV

Front 22

How is RSV transmitted?

Back 22

through direct contact of the contaminated secretions and potentially through inhalation of droplets

Front 23

Does infection with RSV confer immunity?

Back 23

no

Front 24

What are the risks for child with RSV

Back 24

respiratory failure
apnea
pulmonary edema

Front 25

What causes lower airway disorders?

Back 25

structural or functional problem that interferes with the lungs ability to complete the respiratory cycle

Front 26

What is one of the most common chronic disorders involving airway obstruction?

Back 26

asthma

Front 27

What are some factors that cause asthma?

Back 27

environmental exposures
viral illnesses
allergens
genetic predisposition

Front 28

During an asthma attack what happens to the the protective mechanisms of the lungs?

Back 28

They react excessively in response to a stimulus and cause airway obstruction

Front 29

What are some asthmatic triggers?

Back 29

exercise
viral or bacterial agents
allergens
food additives
fragrances
pollutants
weather changes
stressful events
emotions

Front 30

What is a warning signal that may be the only sign in "silent" asthma?

Back 30

frequent coughing, especially at night

Front 31

what is the goal in asthma?

Back 31

control of symptoms

Front 32

what is used for quick relief>

Back 32

bronchodilator

Front 33

What position should child be placed in to ease respiratory effort

Back 33

upright or semi-fowlers position

Front 34

when trying to maintain fluid balance offering cold fluids could cause what?

Back 34

a bronchospasm

Front 35

at what age should children be able to use a metered dose inhaler

Back 35

over the age of five

Front 36

How does status asthamaticus differ from regular asthma?

Back 36

despite pharmacologic and supportive interventions child remains in severe respiratory distress

Front 37

This is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder of the exocrine glands

Back 37

cystic fibrosis

Front 38

What systems are affected by cystic fibrosis?

Back 38

respiratory, GI, integumentary,musculoskeletal,
reproductive

Front 39

Primary symptom of CF is?

Back 39

thick, sticky mucus

Front 40

What is a meconium ileus?

Back 40

small bowel obstruction in the newborn's first 48hrs of life

Front 41

Why do children with CF have trouble gaining weight?

Back 41

because of malabsorption and frequent infections

Front 42

exposure to extreme heat can lead to what?

Back 42

upper airway damage and marked edema

Front 43

Chemical or toxic gas inhalation result in ?

Back 43

damage to the lower airway

Front 44

What most often causes blunt chest trauma in infants and toddlers?

Back 44

motor vehicle crashes

Front 45

Air entering the pleural space of the lung cavity causes?

Back 45

a pneumothorax

Front 46

Digital clubbing is a sign of?

Back 46

chronic hypoxia

Front 47

At what pulse ox level does a child need oxygen?

Back 47

88%

Front 48

What are some types of bronchodilators?

Back 48

albuterol, xoponex, serovent

Front 49

What is the purpose of a croup tent?

Back 49

provide humidified oxygen until antibiotics provide relief from croup

Front 50

Big red flag of airway obstruction.

Back 50

drooling

Front 51

What medications are used for the treatment of TB?

Back 51

INH and rifamppcin

Front 52

Which TB med will turn a child's urine orange?

Back 52

rifampin

Front 53

At what pulse ox level should oxygen be started in a child?

Back 53

88% or below

Front 54

RSV is diagnosed by what?

Back 54

nasal swab

Front 55

acive TB is diagnosed with

Back 55

sputum culture