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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Consequences of immobilization and nursing interventions
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Muscle atrophy- ROM
Decreased joint mobility- ROM bone demineralization- diet counseling Decreased GI motility-diet counseling Venous stasis- compression boots Urinary stasis- hydration Neuro impairment integumentary |
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Onset of Adolescent idiopathic scholiosis
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10 years and under, girls tanner 2-3, boys tanner 3-5.
possible genetic tie, more common in girls. |
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AIS symptoms
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One shoulder higher and sticks out more
One hip higher uneven rib cage and waist appearance, one leg appears shorter, head not centered. NO PAIN |
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AIS Diagnostic
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Adams Test-bend forward
Risser Scale-w-ray for illiac fusion Cobb angle- x-ray magnitude of curve |
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AIS Treatment
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Bracing- for skeletally immature, curve greater than 30 degress or quick progression
Surgery- angle greater than 45, arrest progression. bone fusion. 3 mo -1to2years |
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Club foot
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soft tissues contraction
-smaller growth of foot -shorter achilles tendon -underdeveloped calf muscle -empty heel bed -traverse plantar crease |
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Talus Equinovarus
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complex deformity of ankle and foot
95% of club foot incidences toes point downward |
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Treatment of clubfoot
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Ponsetti method
Casting immediate after birth 8-12 weeks, recasting everyday/14days, then every week; splint for 3 months-4 years. Surgery 3-12 months if not corrected |
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Contusion
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Soft tissue injury, subcutaneous tissue and muscle
-swelling and tenderness |
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Sprain
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joint trauma --> torn ligament
-swelling and tenderness |
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Strain
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injury to muscle from forceful contraction
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Dislocation
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bone and joint dislocation
pain with passive or active movement |
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Treatment of sports injuries
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Rest
Ice 20 min/40 min off C Elevation immobilization |
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Fractures
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Common in ambulating children, clavicle most common.
Rare in infancy--> abuse |
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Salter Harris Type 1
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complete physeal fracture w/ or w/o displacement
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Salter Harris Type II
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A physeal fracture that extends through the metaphysis with a chip
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Salter Harris Type III
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Physeal frature that extends through the epiphysis
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Salter Harris Type IV
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Physeal fracture plus metaphyseal fracture
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Salter Harris Type V
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compression fracture of growth plate
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Complications of Fractures
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Infection
Neurovascular injury Vascular injury Malunion or delayed union Leg length discrepancy |
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Stress fracture
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Malnutrition + overuse
-chronic pain, intensity changes with use -focal tenderness RDA 1500mg Ca/day |
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Triad of motor vehicle accident injuries
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femur/pelvis, clavicle, head injuries
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Stages of bone healing
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1. hematoma- w/ 24 hrs
2. cellular proliferation-osteoblasts formed @ site 3. callus formation- new bone laying down and cartilage bridge 4. ossification- can tolerate weight at this point 5. consolidation & remodeling |
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Complications of long bone injury
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fat embolism-dyspnea, resltessness, fever, petichiae, tachycardia
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Compartment Syndrome
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Group of muscles swell cause compression
SEVERE pain not relieved by analgesiscs pallor, paresthesia, lack of distal pulse, extension pain of fingers/toes most common in tibia/ fibia or radius/ulnar |
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Osteomyelitis
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Bone infection in metaphyseal region
Most often seen in 5-14 years |
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Hematogenous Osteomyelitis
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Newborns- E. Coli & B Strep
5+- Staph auereus, strep pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae Adolescents- N. gonorrhoeae Sickle cell- salmonella & staph auerus |
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Exogenous Osteomyelitis
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6+- psudemonas
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Symptoms of Osteomyelitis
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vague. non-specific
-pain -warmth and tenderness at site -fever -lethargy -decreased ROM |
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Osteomyelitis Treatment
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Long-term 6-8 wks IV antibiotics
Bed rest Immobilization surgical drainage |
