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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phonology:
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ability to discriminate and produce the specific sounds of a language.
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When do babies start discriminating phonemes?
When do they start uttering them? |
first few months
soon after that |
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When does phonological receptivity begin to decay?
When is the ability to acquire native phonology gone? |
around 10 mos.
by preadolescence |
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prosody and stress are aspects of ____.
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phonology
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Grammar is composed of:2
similar among languages, but what differs? |
morphology and syntax
the rigidity of languages differ. |
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is there a grammar gene? how do we know?
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studies of a family with severe language disorders --the "KE" family-- shows there is likely a grammar gene (FOXP2)
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semantics:
when is it maximally acquired? what kind of things affect its acquisition? |
vocabulary
b/t 3 and 4 years of age. environment: bed time stories, dinner conversation, school, socioeconomics, etc. |
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pragmatics:
give 3 examples |
social use of language
turn taking, politeness, conversational repair |
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early on in development, this affects the acquisition of grammar:
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pragmatics
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is pragmatics a low or high cognitive function?
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high.
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What does Noam Chomsky's pure linguistics theory say about phonology and grammar?
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They are products of innate rules that are genetically imprinted and universal to languages.
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in pure linguistics, how is the genetically imprinted language mechanism activated?
how are semantics and pragmatics acquired? |
environmental exposure.
they are learned. |
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in pure linguistics, semantics and pragmatics are products of innate rules that are genetically imprinted and universal to languages. T/F?
why or why not? |
F
phonology and grammar are innate; semantics and pragmatics are learned. |
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In evaluating a child for language delay, what five disorders would you consider, and in what order of precedence?
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1) Hearing disorder
2) Motor disorder 3) Cognitive disorder 4) Language disorder 5) Social disorder *Not necessarily in this exact order, but hearing is definitely the first thing to check. |
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Autism:
definition + 3 characterizations |
a behaviorally-defined developmental disorder of the immature brain, with a wide range of severity, characterized by:
1) impaired sociability, empathy, and insight into other minds 2) impaired communication (verbal and nonverbal), language use, and imagination 3) rigidity, desire for sameness, narrow focus, perseveration, and stereotypies. |
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Diagnosis of Autism:
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Must meet 6 criteria among the following 3 areas:
1) Qualitative impairments in social interaction 2) Qualitative impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication 3) Restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interest, and activities. *Abnormal functioning in at least one of the areas of social interaction, language, and symbolic or imaginative play before the age of 3 years. |
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aphasia:
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Language disorder affecting the ability to comprehend or express spoken or written language or both.
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How does childhood aphasia differ from adult aphasia?
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-It's rare
-It's Broca's-like aphasia -Initial mutism -Absent paraphasia and jargon (~neologisms, word salad) -Comprehension usually not affected, or barely impaired. -Recovery is thought to be better. |
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Acquired Epileptic Aphasia:
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-Typically develops in healthy children. Multiple kinds:
1) CSWS 2) LKS 3) Rolandic epilepsy |
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Rolandic Epilepsy:
AKA? Similar to? |
-Benign childhood epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes.
-EEG shows CTS activated during sleep. -Language is rarely involved; if it is, there are problems with expressive language, NOT comprehension. -CTS location makes this one kind of like Wernicke's aphasia. |
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Landau-Kleffner Syndrome:
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-Rare form of child epilepsy resulting in severe language disorder--perceptive language and verbal auditory agnosia.
-Paroxysmal EEG abonormalities in one/both temporal lobes, especially while sleeping. -No demonstrable focal brain lesion. |
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CSWS:
How is it diagnosed? Course? Prognosis? |
-Continuous Spikes and Waves during slow sleep
-Diagnosed based on EEG; spike and wave discharges occupy 85% of non-REM sleep -Possible faulty neural mechanism involved in generation of sleep spindles that facilitates the spikes. -Only occurs in children; usually transitory but lasts several months. -Prognosis is good; but neuropsychological deficits are a concern due to the continuous epileptic activity--language disorders are common. |
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Why is it important assess hearing disorders as soon as possible?
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Because they can mostly be corrected if they're caught early.
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Examples of motor disorder that may cause language delay: 2
How do you find these? |
Congenital neurological conditions--cerebral palsy or acquired conditions such as a brain lesion.
ID with localizing exams and/or imaging. |
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Two cognitive conditions that could cause a decreased capacity for language:
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MR or progressive neurodegerative disease.
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When evaluating social disorders as a cause of language delay, what kind of evaluations should you do and what must you rule out before going to autism as a diagnosis?
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-Perform social and psychological evaluation to rule out speech disorders, elective mutism, and depression.
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What's the simplest test to see if a child may have autism?
Why do these work? |
-Point and prosody
-Kids should be pointing by 1 y/o; if not this indicates impaired joint attention. -Autistic kids can't pick up on prosody's meanings; can't understand sarcasm relying on prosody; they have a flat or sing-song quality to their speech. |
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Order of precedence in evaluating language delay: 5 steps in order:
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Hearing screen to r/o hearing disorder; Early hearing loss is treatable.
Neurological exam to r/o oro-motor disorder (i.e: Cerebral palsy acquired via lesion in brain) EEG to r/o seizures (see Acquired epileptic aphasia below) Social skills to r/o such conditions as Autism, elective mutism, or depression Screen for Cognitive disorder to r/o progressive degenerative diseases or mental retardation |
