Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are endotoxins?
|
Are in cell walls of gram negative bacteria which activate an inflammatory response. Theycause INCREASE in capillary permeability
|
|
|
What are exotoxins?
|
Proteins released during bacterial growth
|
|
|
What is the #1 pathogen for pediatric infections?
|
Viruses
|
|
|
Which bacteria often produce endotoxins?
|
Gram -
|
|
|
What is the 1st sign for children who have an endotoxin with capillary leak?
|
tachycardia
|
|
|
How do viruses function>?
|
They proliferate within cells by taking over the metabolic machinery
|
|
|
Which pathogens produce endo and exotoxins?
|
Bacteria
|
|
|
Why do viruses produce a generalized symptoms?
|
Because they produce cytokines and leukotrienes
|
|
|
What are the 6 classic exanthems of childhood?
|
1. Measles
2. Scarlet Fever 3. Rubella 4. Filatov-Dukes 5. Erythema Infectiosum 6. Exantehm subitum (HHV-6/Roseola) |
|
|
What is the exanthem of Measles? When do they occur?
|
Blanching erythematous rash beginning on the face; Day 3-4
|
|
|
What are the symptoms of the prodrome period of the Measles?
|
*Fever
*Malaise *dry cough *coryza *conjunctivitis |
|
|
What is the incubation period for measles?
|
9 days
|
|
|
What is the spreading pattern for measles exanthem?
|
Begins on the face and spreads centrifugally
|
|
|
What is an exanthem?>
|
Manifestation of a disease on the skin
|
|
|
An enanthem is a ___?
|
Manifestation of a disease in the mucous membrane
|
|
|
Which type of rash is commonly seen for drug reactions?
|
Morbilliform: macules that are flat and joined together
|
|
|
Where do you find koplik spots? What are they?
|
In the buccal mucosa; whitish elevations on an erythematous background opposite the molars
|
|
|
How many vaccinations are common for Measles?
|
MMR @ 1yr and then again at 4-6 or 11-12
|
|
|
What is the pathogen responsible for scarlet fever?
|
Exotoxin mediated from group A beta hemolytic Strep
|
|
|
How is scarlet fever transmitted>
|
airborn particles
|
|
|
Describe the symptoms of scarlet fever.
|
Abrupt onset: fever, sore throat, headache, NV, adb pain
rash appears 12-48 hours later |
|
|
Describe the enanthem and exanthems of scarlet fever.
|
Enanthem: strawberry tongue
Exanthem: diffuse, blancing, erythematous rash which feels like SANDPAPER |
|
|
What are Pastia lines ane which disease has them?
|
Linear array of petechiae in antecubital area seen in Scarlet Fever!
|
|
|
describe the face of a child with scarlet fever.
|
Flushed face with perioral pallor
|
|
|
Where is the rash of scarlet fever accentuated?
|
IN the skin folds and creases
|
|
|
Describe the desquamation of scarlet fever.
|
Peeling of the skin that occurs 7-10 days after rash resolution; occurs in the axilla, groin, fingertips and toes
|
|
|
When is 3rd disease (Rubella) contagious?
|
A few days before and after the rash
|
|
|
What are the complications of rubella?
|
Rare in childhood; bad if it spreads to pregnant women/fetuses
|
|
|
Describe the exanthem of rubella.
|
Discrete, pink/red, fine maculopapular
|
|
|
Which disease can lead to arthritis/arthralgias in adolescent females?
|
Rubella
|
|
|
What is the enanthem of rubella?
|
Forchheimer spots
|
|
|
How does the rash of rubella spread?
|
Like measles; the head down
|
|
|
What are the 3 phases of parvovirus?
|
1. Prodrome
2. slapped cheek appearance 3. lacy symmetric rahs |
|
|
What is part of the prodrome period of parvovirus?
|
malaise myalgias, headache, low grade fever
|
|
|
Describe the rash of parvovirus?
|
Lacy symmetric maculopapular which waxes and wanes for 6 weeks
|
|
|
When is parvovirus seen most often?
|
In the spring
|
|
|
Describe the slapped cheeks of parvovirus. What often occurs with it in adolescents>
|
warm; erythgematous; nontender; circumscribed. Often see arthritis/arthralgia
|
|
|
What is the prefered site for parvovirus?
|
The bone marrow: causes Red cell aplasia
|
|
|
What can parvovirus do to a fetus?
|
Fetus gets low blood count --> heart failure --> swelling --> hydrops
|
|
|
What disease the #1 source of febrile seizures in the US?
|
Roseola
|
|
|
What temperature is often seen on the first day of roseola?
|
Can go as high as 105
|
|
|
What is the hallmark sign of roseola?
|
The fever ends then the rash begins
|
|
|
what is the growth pattern for the roseola rash?
|
Trunkal rash that spreads up to the neck, face, arms and legs
|
|
|
Which age groups is affected by roseola most often?
|
Ages 6months to 3 years
|
|
|
What are the most common enteroviruses in children?
|
Herpangina and Hand-foot-and mouth disease
|
|
|
Which enterovirus is common in the summer?
|
Myocarditis
|
|
|
Which disease can cause sterility in males?
|
Mumps
|
|
|
When do enteroviruses occur most often?
|
May-> october
|
|
|
The most typical enteroviruses are ____ Type A.
|
Coxsackie
|
|
|
Which enterovirus if contracted by newborns can cause deadly sepsis?
|
Echovirus 23
|
|
|
What are the enanthems of coxsackie?
|
Shallow, yellow ulcers surrounded by red halos
appear on the 1. buccal mucosa 2. gingiva 3. tongue 4. soft palate 5. uvula 6. Tonsils |
|
|
Describe the skin lesions of coxsackie.
|
Thick walled, gray vesicles on an erythematous base. Acral: not fluid filled
Palmar, plantar aspects of hands and feet, buttocks frequently affected |
|
|
Why is coxsackie so bad?
|
IT is highly contagious and stays on surfaces for 2 weeks!
|
|
|
Which herpes viruses are responsible for roseola?
|
6 and 7
|
|
|
Which herpes virus is usually only seen in HIV/AIDS patients?
|
HHV 8: kaposi's sarcoma
|
|
|
What are the forms of Herpes Simplex Virus?
|
1. Herpes Gingivostomatitis
2. Herpetic Whitlow 3. isolated skin lesions 4.herpes gladiatorum 5. herpes of the eye |
|
|
What is hErpetic whitlow?
|
*vesicular or pustular lesions
*Fever *Lymphadenitis *epitrochelar and axillary lymphadenopathy |
|
|
What are the common causative agents of mono?
|
1. CMV
2. EBV 3. Adenovirus |
|
|
Where is mono seen in children under the age of 5?
|
In poor urban settings or developed countries
|
|
|
Children who get mono during adolescence are thought to be part of which economic class?
|
More afluent
|
|
|
Children with mono do not often show monocytosis, they show ____?
|
lymphocytosis
|
|
|
How do you test for pinworms?
|
Place tape on the childs butt while they sleep
|
|
|
What % of vaccinations is needed for herd immunity?
|
80%
|
|
|
What are the sources of passive immunity?
|
1. Almost all blood products
2. homologous pooled hu;man antibody (immune globulin) 3. homologous human hyperimmune globulin 4. Heterologous hyperimmune serum (antitoxin) |
|
|
What are the clinical findings for mono?
|
Fever; sore throat; lymphadenopathy; splenomegaly; hepatomegaly; skin rash; periorbital edema;
|
|
|
Which lymph nodes are most commonly affected with mono?
|
Anterior, but especially the posterior cervical nodes
|
|
|
What often occurs with ampicillin in mono?
|
Rash:
|
|
|
Which infectious disease are dangerous to pregnant women?
|
5th diease; rubella; cmv;
|
|
|
Which form of passive immunity is most important?
|
transplacental in infants
|
|
|
Does increasing the interval between doses of a multidose vaccine diminsh the effectiveness of the vaccine?
|
No
|
|
|
If you decrease the interval between doses of a multidose vaccine, can this interfere with antibody response and protection?
|
YES!
|
|
|
If two live vaccines are given ___ days apart, then interference can occur.
|
28
|
|
|
What must be done if two live injected vaccines or live intranasal influenza vaccines are given less than 28 days apart?
|
The second must be repeated
|
|
|
What is active immunity?
|
Protection produced by the person's own immune system; usually permanent
|
|
|
is vaccination an active or passive immunity?
|
active
|
