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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 Combo Vaccines and what they cover
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Pediatrix: DTaP, IPV, HepB
Pentacel: DTap, IPV, HiB Kinrix: DTaP, IPV Twinrix: HepA, HepB |
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2 Main Types of Immunization?
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Passive
Active |
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What is Passive Immunization?
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Giving someone antibodies against a certain infection that will protect them temporarily
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Types of Passive Immunization?/
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Maternal
Homologous Pooled Human Ab Homologous Hyperimmune Globulins |
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How long does Maternal Protection last?
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6-9 months
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What diseases is Maternal Protection good against?
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Measles
Varicella Tetanus |
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What are 2 examples of diseases that Maternal Protection is not good for?
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Pertussis
Polio |
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What is the 1/2 life of IgG that isn't your own?
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~3wks
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What is Homologous Pooled Human Ab also known as?
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Immune Serum Globulin (ISG)
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What does Homologous Pooled Human Ab protect well against?
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HepA
Measles |
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How is Homologous Pooled Human Ab administered?
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IM Injection
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What is included in Homologous Hyperimmune Globulins?
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High titers of a specific antibody from pooled donors
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Indications for Homologous Hyperimmune Globulins?
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Post-exposure prophylaxis
Decrease Illness Severity Prevention of Disease in High-Risk Pts |
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What diseases are Homologous Hyperimmune Globulins good for as a prophylaxis?
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HepB
Rabies Varicella Tetanus |
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What diseases can Homologous Hyperimmune Globulins decrease the severity of?
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Botulism (infant)
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What diseases are Homologous Hyperimmune Globulins able to prevent in high risk pts?
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CMV in liver, renal transplants
RSV in high risk infants |
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What are the 2 main types of Active Immunizations?
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Live Attenuated Vaccines
Inactivated Vaccines |
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What are the types of Inactivated Vaccines?
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Whole (viruses, bacteria)
Fractional |
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Two Types of Fractional Inactivated Vaccines?
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Protein-Based
Polysaccharide Based |
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Generalizations about Live Attenuated Vaccines?
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Less likely to need booster
Inactivated by Ag-specific IgG Contraindicated in immune compromised Little risk for others of secondary spread |
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Different diseases Live Attenuated Vaccines go after?
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MMR
Varicella Zostavax Rotavirus Influenza Polio |
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Generalizations about Inactivated Vaccines
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Cannot Replicate and require 3-5 doses to get solid Ab response
Titer diminishes over time--> booster! Safe for immunodeficient people |
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Who do the Polysaccharide Vaccines go after?
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HiB
Meningococcus Pneumococcus |
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Keys to Polysaccharid Vaccines
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Polysac Ag's alone are poorly immunogenic under 2 yrs of age, i.e. they're T-cell independent
Conjugating Polysac Ag's to proteins converts them to T-cell dependent Ag'x Polysac Ag's require a functional Spleen to be effectively eliminated |
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What does HiB cause?
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Meningitis
Bacteremia Septic Arthritis Epiglottitis |
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Who should be given Menactra (MCV4)?
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Adolescents at 11-12 yr checkup
High School entry College dorm livers |
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Besides infants, who else is at high risk of meningococcus?
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HIV
C' def Asplenia Traveling to bad places |
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Who is at increased risk of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease?
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Asplenia (sickle)
HIV Humoral Immune Defects Alaska, Black, or Native american Day care |
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2 kickers about Prevnar?
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>90% effective against invasive pneumococcal disease
Does so well b/c of Herd Immunity |
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How do you measure vaccine success?
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Titers (though they can vary)
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What was the first Rotavirus Vaccine?
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Rotashield
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RotaShield is what type of vaccine?
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Live Attenuated Oral Vaccine
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What is bad about Rotashield?
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it causes intussusception = no longer available
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What are two other ways to measure the efficacy of a vaccine?
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In-Vivo Response
Minimal SE's |
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Two groups who are unvaccinated in the U.S.
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Underimmunized
UnImmunized |
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MMR Vaccine Schedule are reason for it?
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You get 2 doses. Not because you need a booster, but b/c its SOOOOO contagious that the 5% that aren't immune after round one can cause serious problems if they don't get round 2
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Which diseases are vaccinated against that are only really bad in kids?
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HiB
Pertussis Rotavirus |
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Problem with Pertussis Vaccine?
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Immunity for only 7-10 years, so you need a booster
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Who do we vaccinate against that are bad in older kids and adults, but not in infants and youngin's
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HepA
HepB HPV Varicella |
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% Risks based on period of life of HBV infection
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Perinatal: up to 90%
Before 5yr: 25-50% Adolescents and adults: 5-10% |
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What does the HepB vaccine target?
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the HBsAg
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When do you begin the HepB vaccine?
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w/in 12 hrs of birth
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What is the disease we vaccinate for that is only bad in unborn kids?
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Rubella
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When during pregnancy is Rubella really bad?
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1st trimester
after 16wks, no effects |
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What are the effects of Rubella on the fetus?
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cataracts
Cardiac Anomalies Deafness MR SGA |
