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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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First line of defense against pathogens
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Nonspecific natural immunity
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Nonspecific natural immunity mechanisms
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Skin, body secretions, mucous membranes, body pH, maternal antibodies, phagocytes
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Specific immunity mechanisms
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Humoral response and Cell-mediated response
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Humoral immune response
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if antigen avoids non-specific natural mechanisms
B-cells create plasma cells--> memory cells and cell-specific antibodies |
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IgG
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crosses placenta, secondary immunity
mature levels at 7-8 years |
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IgM
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primary immunity response
low @birth\. increases @ 1 week and matures @1 year. |
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IgA
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Mucous membrane immunity. Passed in breast milk, not present at birth
matures by 6-7 years |
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IgE
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allergic response and parasitic infection.
mature @ 6-7 years |
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Primary immune response
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IgM, 5-10 days after exposure
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Secondary immune response
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IgG, 3-5 days after exposure
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Cell mediated immune response
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T cells trigger release of cytokines to recruit more cells
targets virus, slow growing bacteria (TB), fungus, non-self antigen |
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T cells
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CD4
CD8- killer cells, cancer and graft vs host reaction Suppressor cell= turns off immune reaction |
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HIV presentation in Children
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thrush, failure to thrive, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, parotits, developmental delays
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Difference AIDS progression in Children
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shorter HIV-->AIDS time, with in a year
opportunistic infection pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) by 2 months with vertical transmission |
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Diagnosis of HIV in newborns
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All newborns screened with DNA-PCR
western blot not reliable bc testing moms antibodies |
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Stage N
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Asymptomatic
or have only one indicator |
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Stage A
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Mild
two or more of: lymphadenolpathy hepatomegaly splenomegaly dermatitis parotitis Upper resp infxn, sinusitis, ear infxn |
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Stage B
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Moderate
Aneamia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia bacterial meningitis, pnuemonia, spesis candidiasis, oropharyngeal cardiomyopathy CMV Chronic diarrhea herpes, hepatitis, LIP Leiomyosarcoma |
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Stage C
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LIP
PCP CMV encepolaopathy wasting syndrome candida herpes simplex myobacterium aviaum parasitic |
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HIV management
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C-section w. mom , 1,000/mL, ZDV during pregnancy
@ birth, administer ZDV, and Bactrim (PCP prophylaxis) avoid breastfeeding 4-6weeks |
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Class of antiretroviral medications
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HAART
NRTI NNRTI Protease inhibitors |
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NRTI
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Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
ZDV DDI |
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NNRTI
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Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nevirapine efavirenz |
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Protease inhibitors
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lopinavir/ritonavir
atazanavir foasamprenavir nelfinavir |
