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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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At what age do neonates make version and mergence movements to fixate static targets?
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4 months
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describe pursuit movement of a 2 month old
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until about 3 months smooth pursuit movement contain a series of saccades
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when does a child have normal pursuits?
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6 months, should be adultlike
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what is stereo acuity at 3-5months?
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60 min or arc
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what is steroacuity 6-7months?
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1 min or arc
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true or false some studies suggest babies response to horizontal but not vertical disparities?
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true
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when is there a rapid onset of steroacuity?
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3-5 months
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what 4 things does single vision require?
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1. reasonable monocular acuity and contrast sensitivity
2. bifoveal fixation (vergence) 3. corresponding neural points (in cortex) 4. coding of relative disparity (for steropsis, with eye or origin) |
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at what age do we believe children have the 4 things required for single vision?
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5 months
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why does it make sense that the system after 5 months of age is adaptable?
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need a period of neural recalibration to allow
1. interpupillary distance to increase by 60% (40-65nn) 2. fovea to mature (centripetal migration) 3. axial length to grow (17-24mm) |
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what is the prevalence of strabismus in young children?
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3-5%
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most strabismus appear by what age? typically don't see strab after what age?
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3 yo, typically not have 7
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name 5 causes of strab
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1. optical
2. mechnaical 3. innervational 4. systemic 5. pahtological |
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what 6 questions do you want to know in order to classify strabismus?
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1. duration
2. frequency (intermittent/constant/particular times of day/tasks/particular gaze) 3. laterality (which eye/one/both) 4. magnitude (how far does eye turn) 5. Prior tx. |
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what is the first thing that must be ruled out?
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pseudostrabismus
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if there is no evidence of real strabismus when should you schedule a follow-up?
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3-4 month and then 6 months after that
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what is the typical tx. process for combatant strab?
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1. correct the refraction
2. tx. amblyopia 3. VT (prisms/exercises) 4. surgery (rarely botox) |
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using Hirschberg you are unlikely to detect a defect less than.....?
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10-15pd
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what is the normal of angle kappa/lambda in an adults and newborns?
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5 deg exo in adults and 8 deg eco in newborns
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what is a good test for a patient who does' take up fixation with non dominant eye?
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krimsky
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when is it not good to use bruckner?
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dilated pupil or under 8 months of age
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with bruckner which eye shows the brighter reflex?
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deviated eye
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what is the best assessment of eye alignment?
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cover test
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what information does unilateral CT provide?
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direction, laterality, frequency
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strabismus can result in suppression and anomalous correspondence in what length of time for pre-schoolers?
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4-6 months
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what are you testing at near with the worth 4-dot?
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peripheral suppression not foveal, becomes foveal as move to distance and target gets smaller
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a patient sees four, when using worth 4-dot what is you diagnosis?
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they may be fusing or have anomalous correspondence
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true or false 1/10/20 BO prism is a highly reliable for young children
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False, gives variable results and not all 6 month-olds will give a positive result
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how long should a child adapt to their glasses before the strabismus examination?
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4-6wks
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