Pediatric Endocrine

Front 1

Gonadatropin-releasing hormone

Back 1

stimulates anterior pituitary to produce LH, FSH

Front 2

Growth hormone

Back 2

regulates bone and tissue growth

Front 3

ADH

Back 3

regulates water resorption in the kidneys

Front 4

Thyroid hormone

Back 4

regulates metabolism

Front 5

Parathyroid hormone

Back 5

regulates calcium balance

Front 6

Insulin

Back 6

regulates glucose uptake into cells

Front 7

red flags that may indicate endocrine problems

Back 7

growth
metabolism
mental retardation
sexual development (too fast or too slow)

Front 8

Consistently poor growth

Back 8

less than 5 cm a year

Front 9

Growth rate more than ____ standard deviations below (or above) the curve for age

Back 9

2

Front 10

head circumference

Back 10

also looked at for cranial pressure, etc.

Front 11

Delayed growth

Back 11

short stature, growth hormone deficiency

Front 12

Rapid growth

Back 12

Tall stature, hyperpituitarism (rare in children)

Front 13

Growth hormone deficiency

Back 13

- hypopituitarism or dwarfism
- failure of anterior pituitary to produce sufficient growth hormone
- GH is vital for post natal growth

Front 14

Turner Syndrome

Back 14

genetic abnormality, chromosomal that causes short stature

Front 15

Constitutional growth delay

Back 15

slow growth, but catch up

Front 16

Chronic renal failure

Back 16

absorption of vitamins and how body processes those will affects ability to grown as well as specific medications or diet can affect growth

Front 17

Inborn error of metabolism

Back 17

PKU, congenital hyperthyroid, stuff born with but there are usually easy treatments (not a cure)

Front 18

Severe cardiac, pulmonary, or gastrointestinal disease and growth

Back 18

Absorption, can't breath and pump heart. So all energy is going to run heart, not to eating and growing

Front 19

Increased urine output

Back 19

diabetes, diabetes insipidus

Front 20

Signs of diabetes

Back 20

polydipsia (excessive thirst)
polyphagia (excessive hunger)
weight loss

Front 21

Thyroid disease s/s

Back 21

changes in sleep pattern, weight, energy level

Front 22

Sign of inborn errors of metabolism

Back 22

Failure to thrive

Front 23

Major cause of congenital hypothyroidism

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mental retardation

Front 24

Newborn screening

Back 24

- tests for approximately 35 inborn errors of metabolism
- to detect congenital anomalies
- has been known to save lives and decrease morbidity
- the sensitivity and specificity is debated (especially since there are different test in different states)
** a secondary prevention, early intervention makes a big difference in quality of life and predictability, etc.

Front 25

Specific tests for metabolism and endocrine

Back 25

PKU
Congenital adrenal hypoplasia
Congenital hypothyroidism

Front 26

Percocious puberty

Back 26

puberty happens earlier than expected

Front 27

Delayed puberty

Back 27

constitutional delay (most common cause for delayed puberty, a hereditary condition)
- turner
- hypogonadism
- anorexia
- cystic fibrosis

Front 28

Primary sex characteristics

Back 28

genetically determines, genitals at birth

Front 29

Secondary sex characteristics

Back 29

- develop at puberty
- lasts 2-3 yrs
- age 10 fir females
- 11 for males
- females get breasts, body hair, and body fat deposition
- males get body hair, voice change and more body mass

Front 30

Percocious puberty ages

Back 30

Female: under 8
Male: under 9

Front 31

Nursing Care of Percocious Puberty

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- Teach child and family about disorder
- child often appears older than chronologic age but can't expect then to be more mature, they aren't, only their body is

Front 32

s/s percocious puberty

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- may have advanced bone age but will be same height or shorter (get pubertal growth spurt earlier on)
- Girls- premature breast development and early puberty
- child often teased by others
- junior high girls are often seen as easy or loose (more physically developed)

Front 33

Tx for percocious puberty

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- hormonal medication treatment (if no underlying disease
- If there us an underlying cause (like hypothamic tumor) then treat the underlying cause, surgery, etc.
*body image issues
*pre and post op care

Front 34

Normal thyroid levels

Back 34

6.5-13 uU/mL (T4)

> 5 uU/mL TSH = hypothyroid

Front 35

hypoglycemia

Back 35

- behavioral changes, confusion, slurred speech, belligerence
- diaphoresis
- tremors
- palpitations

Front 36

hyperglycemia

Back 36

- mental status changes, fatigue, weakness
- dry, flushed skin
- blurred vision
- abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, fruity breath odor