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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fetal circulation
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Enters vena cava through Ductus Venosus->RA->through PFO>LA->LV->Aorta->head and extremeties->RA->Tricuspid->RV->Pulmonary artery->patent ductis arteriosis->descdending aorta->lower extremeties->umbilical vessels->placenta ->ductus venosus
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Post-natal
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PFO closes
Lungs expand ductus arteriosis closes after a couple of weeks |
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Signs of heart issue
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-respiratory infections
substernal and subcostal retractions grunting cyanosis of lips when feeding edema, exercise intolerance, palipitations |
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Hemodynamics
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blood flows from high pressure to low pressure
- R side < L side -Pulmonary artery < systemic |
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Types of Congenital Heart Defects
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Increased pulmonary blood flow
Decreased pulmonary blood flow Obstruction Mixed blood |
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Increased Pulmonary Blood flow disorders
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ASD
VSD AV Canal Patent Ductis arteriosis |
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Obstructive defects
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=Increase afterload
Coarctation of the Aorta aortic Stenosis Pulmonic Stenosis |
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Decreased pulmonary blood flow defects
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Tetraology of Flow
Tricuspid atresia |
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Mixed Defect
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Transposition of Great Vessel
Hypoplastic Left Heart Truncus Arteriosis |
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ASD
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<1% mortality, hole in atrial septum
-L to R shunting of blood -R atrial and ventricular enlargement |
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ASD treatment
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May be asymptomatic
wait until school age to see if naturally closes -clamshell occluder -patch, cadaver or synthetic |
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VSD
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Ventrical Septal Defect, membranous or muscular (higher mortality)
Most common Blood L->hypertorphic R->Lungs CHF, murmur |
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Eisenemenger syndrome
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associated with VSD
VSD-> pulmonary HTN-> damage to pulmonary arterioles with hypertrophy->increased pulmonary pressure resistance->increased R pressure |
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VSD treatment
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purse string, patch, or cardiac cath
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AV Canal
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common in down syndrome
incomplete endocardial cushing blood flow through all 4 chambers low ASD, high VSD Loud murmur, mild cyanosis w/ crying |
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AV Canal treatment and complications
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Patch and valve reconstruction
Complications heart block, CHF, MV regurgitation, arrythmia |
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Patent Ductis Arteriosis (PDA)
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should close naturally by first week
CHF, murmur |
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PDA treatment
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Meds
indomethacin-prostoglandin inhibitor Ibueprofen Surgery Ligation, coil |
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Coarctation of Aorta
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low mortality
narrowing of aorta Increased pressure in upper extremities lower pressure in lower-> collateral circulation CHF= infants Dizzy, headache, leg pain |
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Treatment of COA
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Stent
resection patch |
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Aortic Stenosis
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narrowing of aortic valve
decreased CO, LV hypertrophy, pulmonary vac congestion -faint pulse -HTN -chest pain |
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Aortic stenosis treatment
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Ross procedure
valve replacement w/ pulmonic valve (P valve replaced with animal valve) Balloon angioplasty |
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Pulmonic stenosis
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Narrowing of pulmonic artery, R Ventricular hypertrophy
CHF in severe cases PDA compensates PFO will open if pressure to high->mixing blood->systemic cyanosis |
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Pulmonic stenosis Treatment
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balloon angioplasty
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Tetraology of Fallot
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1 VSD
2 Pulmonic Stenosis subvalvular 3 Overriding aorta 4 R ventricular hypertrophy |
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TOF symptoms
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TET spells: hypercyanosis with crying
cyanosis |
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TOF treatment
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B-T shunt
complete repair- patch and VSD |
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Tricuspid Atresia
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High mortality
Blockage of R atria to R ventricle cyanosis, clubbing, tachycardia, dsypnea |
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Treatment of Tricuspid Atresia
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Prostoglandin E
Surgery 1B-T Shunt 2Bidirectional Glenn 3Modified Fontan Results in R side atrophy |
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Transposition of the Great Vessels
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Pulmonary artery leaves L ventricle, aorta leaves R ventricle
cyanosis cardiomegaly |
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Transposition of the Great Vessels treatment
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PDA, ASD, PFO
Prostaglandin E Total repair |
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Hypoplastic Left Heart
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Underdeveloped L side
Aortic atresia |
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HLH treatment
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PFO/ASD and PDA
Prostaglandin E 1. Palliative 2. Transplant 3. Surgery Norwood, B-T, Bidrectional Glenn, Fontan |
