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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What species is the only reservoir for Bordatella Pertussis and how is transmitted and what is the treatment?
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humans; resp droplets; erythromycin, though if given in the paroxysmal phase, the course of symptoms likely won't change, though transmission may be mitigated
- Gram negative bacteria |
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Under what age are infants more susceptible to Pertussis?
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under 6 months, though hospitalizations and mortality are highest in kids under 3 months; occurs before kids can respond to immunization or to mount an adequate response to the organism; natural immunity does not offer longer immunity than immunizations
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What are the three phases of the Bordatella Pertussis and how are they defined?
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1.) Catarrhal- most contagious but hard to distinguish, mild coryza, no fever for 1-3 weeks; may not be present in young infants
2.) Paroxysmal-staccato cough with whooping 3.) Convalescent- chronic cough that can last 1-3wks |
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Why is Bordatella Pertussis called "whooping cough"?
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the "whoop" sound is caused at the end of a paroxysm cough when air is sucked through a partially closed glottis
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What is important in labs for diagnosing Bordatella Pertussis and what is the best way to diagnose it?
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leukocytosis with absolute lymphocytes, >15,000 ; diagnosed by PCR or nasopharyngeal secretions; also can present with other viral pathogens, bacteria, etc
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What kind of organism is Kingella kingae and where does it reside and what age children most commonly does it reside?
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slow-growing, fastidious, gram negative or variable, oxidase positive, beta-hemolytic, coccobacillus; resides in oropharyngeal flora, most commonly in 12-24 months
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When should one be suspicious of Kingella kingae?
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young kids with negative joint cultures and negative joing fluid cultures
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How do you treat Kingella kingae?
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if beta-lactamase negative, amoxicillin or penicillin; if not, ceftriaxone is 2nd line
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What is "clinical pertussis"?
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may not have paroxysmal cough, usu have autonomic instability(apnea, cyanosis and bradycardia), sometimes rapidly progressive PNA that progresses to resp failure
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How long does a child with pertussis need to be in isolation for?
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Five days after full does of abx completed or 21 days after cough if abx not able to be taken
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What is pathophysiology of pertussis?
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local epithelium damage, causing peribronchial inflammation and necrotizing bronchopneumonia
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What is the treatment for Pertussis?
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Erythromycin, 40-50mg/kg/day, Q4H for 14 days; TMP?SMX, azithromycin, clarithromycin are ok substitutes
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What are some characteristic features of Group A streptococcus...pyogenes)?
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rapid onset and progression, asstd w/sepsis, lymphangitis and sepsis, nonresponsive to sulfa drugs, may provoke necrotizing, fasciitis, may elude PCN effects(which is why you should use beta-lactum plus clinda)
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What is the AAP guideline for the age C.diff should not be tested for?
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less than 12 months because infants in the first few months of life acquire C.diff and by 6 months often have asymptomatic colonization
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