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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Until the age of about 4-6 months, the infant is what kind of “breather”
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an obligate nose breather
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Describe the shape of the infant and young child larynx.
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Funnel-shaped with the most narrow portion at the cricoid ring
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How does the metabolic rate and oxygen consumption of the infant and child compare to that of an adult?
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higher
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Why would you place a small towel under the shoulders of the infant or toddler younger than 2 years to maintain a patent airway?
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because they have a large occiput
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What is the treatment for laryngospasm for an infant?
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ventilate with a bag-mask
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Because of the general lack of cardiovascular disease, infants and children demonstrate cardiopulmonary failure in what way?
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bradycardia and apnea
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What is the correct calculation to determine tylenol dose per weight po?
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10-15 mg/kg
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What is the correct calculation to determine ibuprofen dose per weight po?
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10 mg/kg
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Calculate kg for a 44 pound child
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20 kg
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Calculate an appropriate dose of versed po for a 10 kg patient
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5 mg
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Calculate an appropriate dose of tylenol elixir po for a 8 kg child
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80 mg
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What is the formula to calculate IV rate for a drug delivered in mcg/kg/min?
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rate = dose X weight X 60 (minutes) divided by concentration
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What is the correct dosage of IV fentanyl for young children?
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1-2 mcg/kg (with max dose of 3 mcg/kg)
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What is the correct dosage for po versed for young children?
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0.5 mcg/kg
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What disease process is a contraindication for giving NSAIDs?
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asthma
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What symptom would we treat with racemic epinephrine?
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stridor
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What is an uncommon but severe complication of IV fentanyl in large doses if given rapidly?
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Chest rigidity
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What is the duration of IV versed?
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0.5 – 2 hours
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What can you do to gain the cooperation in assessment for an infant?
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allow parent to be present and to take part in assessment
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At what approximate age does a child’s heart rate resemble more closely that of an adult?
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age 6
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Which age group will have a literal interpretation of words?
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preschool
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What is the primary compensatory mechanism for a child to maintain cardiac output?
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increase heart rate
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What is the approximate diameter of the trachea in an infant?
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4 mm
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Which age group is thought of as “explorers” because they test established limits. They are also creative and begin to be influenced by friends.
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school age
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Inspiratory stridor (crowing sound heard on inspiration) indicates which airway problem?
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upper
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How can you enhance cooperation in the stable child?
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have only one provider interact with the child
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Is cardiac output in children more affected by heart rate or by stroke volume?
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more affected by heart rate
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What are the two most common causes of cardiac arrest in the pediatric patient?
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respiratory failure and shock
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What is the first line drug for hypoxia-ischemia induced bradycardia in children?
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epinephrine
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What is the formula for fluid resuscitation in the critically ill child?
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20 ml/kg IV bolus
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Epinephrine has:
A. alpha adrenergic effects B. beta adrenergic effects C. Both alpha and beta adrenergic effects |
C. Both alpha and beta adrenergic effects
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What is the approximate heart rate of an infant?
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80-140
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What is a normal systolic blood pressure for a toddler?
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95-105
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What is the normal respiratory rate for an infant or toddler?
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20-30
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Because they have smaller alveoli, the infant and young child are at greater risk for what problem with their lungs?
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atelectasis
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What is the formula to find the correct size endotracheal tube for children > 2 years old?
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(age in years + 16) divided by 4
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